Cognitive Function Deficits Associated With Type 2 Diabetes and Retinopathy: Volumetric Brain MR Imaging Study

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dc.contributor.authorOktem, Ece Ozdemir
dc.contributor.authorSayman, Dila
dc.contributor.authorAyyildiz, Sevilay
dc.contributor.authorOktem, Caglar
dc.contributor.authorIpek, Lutfiye
dc.contributor.authorAyyildiz, Behcet
dc.contributor.authorAslan, Fatih
dc.date.accessioned2026-01-24T12:30:49Z
dc.date.available2026-01-24T12:30:49Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentAlanya Alaaddin Keykubat Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractIntroduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a ubiquitous chronic inflammatory disease with deleterious effects on various tissues, including the kidney, retina, and peripheral nerves. Studies using histopathology and magnetic resonance imaging have revealed that diabetes-related chronic hyperglycemia may impact the brain's essential functioning by causing microvascular damage. The aim of this study was to examine the cognitive functioning of type 2 diabetic individuals with and without retinopathy by evaluating their morphological, structural, and biochemical differences. Methods: Demographic characteristics, education level, type of diabetes mellitus (DM), disease duration, treatment received, other diabetic complications, such as nephropathy and neuropathy, and detailed medical histories were recorded. All participants underwent an extensive neuropsychological examination with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) testing. Brain magnetic resonance imaging was performed to evaluate gray matter volume differences between the groups. Results: Gray matter volume differences between the groups were observed. Differences were observed after multiple corrections (age, education, and total intracranial volume [TIV]). First, the diabetic retinopathy group exhibited a significantly smaller gray matter volume in the right inferior temporal gyrus than the diabetic group (p = 0.032). In addition, the diabetic retinopathy group exhibited a significantly smaller gray matter volume than the control group in the right insula (lateral and central part) (p = 0.011). In addition, MoCA scores exhibited significant correlation with the two regions emerging as statistically significant in our analyses (the right inferior temporal gyrus and right insula) (p = 0.003, p = 0.002, respectively). Conclusion: Our results suggest the presence of a neurodegenerative process associated with cognitive dysfunction that is particularly prominent in the retinopathy stage of DM.
dc.identifier.doi10.1002/brb3.70387
dc.identifier.issn2162-3279
dc.identifier.issue3
dc.identifier.pmid40022286
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85219587416
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70387
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12868/5443
dc.identifier.volume15
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001434862600001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherWiley
dc.relation.ispartofBrain and Behavior
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WoS_20260121
dc.subjectMRI
dc.subjectretinopathy
dc.subjecttype 2 diabetes
dc.titleCognitive Function Deficits Associated With Type 2 Diabetes and Retinopathy: Volumetric Brain MR Imaging Study
dc.typeArticle

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