Valorization of orange peel waste: activated carbon production and its role in enhancing particleboard performance
[ X ]
Tarih
2025
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Springer
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
Özet
The valorization of agricultural waste has gained increasing attention in recent years, with orange peel waste emerging as a promising precursor for activated carbon (AC) production. This study investigates the production of AC from orange peel waste using zinc chloride (ZnCl2) as a chemical activator and evaluates its impact on the physical, mechanical, and environmental properties of three-layer particleboards. AC was incorporated into the urea-formaldehyde (UF) adhesive at 0.5-1.5% by weight and applied to both surface and core chips, ensuring its distribution across all three layers of the particleboard. The AC exhibited a specific surface area of 572.14 m(2)/g and a total pore volume of 0.280 cm(3)/g, demonstrating its high porosity and adsorption capabilities. Mechanical test results of particleboard indicate that the inclusion of 1.5% AC increased MOR by 26% (from 10.02 N/mm(2) to 12.65 N/mm(2)) and MOE by 52% (from 1083.83 N/mm(2) to 1645.33 N/mm(2)), while IB rose from 0.41 N/mm(2) to 0.53 N/mm(2). Additionally, formaldehyde emissions of particleboard decreased significantly from 11.25 mg/100 g (control) to 8.01 mg/100 g at production (0th month) and further to 3.20 mg/100 g after 12 months. Based on TS EN 312 (2012) classification, the AC-modified panels at 1.0-1.5% met the requirements of P2 boards for general-purpose use in dry conditions, while also complying with the E1 formaldehyde emission standard. The orange peel waste-derived AC can serve as an effective additive in composite materials, simultaneously improving mechanical performance and meeting international environmental and safety standards.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Adsorption, Removal, Ftir
Kaynak
European Journal of Wood and Wood Products
WoS Q Değeri
Q1
Scopus Q Değeri
Q1
Cilt
83
Sayı
6
