A Comparison of the Effectiveness of Combined Primer and Adhesive Systems in Orthodontic Bonding: An In Vitro Study

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dc.authorid0000-0003-0776-7653
dc.authorid0009-0004-1994-3903
dc.authorid0000-0002-6383-3371
dc.contributor.authorUslu, Filiz
dc.contributor.authorGunes, Tugce Esra
dc.contributor.authorAkin, Mehmet
dc.contributor.authorAkman, Hayri
dc.date.accessioned2026-01-24T12:26:35Z
dc.date.available2026-01-24T12:26:35Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentAlanya Alaaddin Keykubat Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractBackground: Adhesive systems are important for achieving reliable and durable bracket bonding in orthodontic treatments. The purpose of this study is to compare the outcomes of a new one-step orthodontic bonding system that combines the primer and adhesive solutions. Methods: In this study, four groups were formed, each consisting of 20 first premolar teeth. Acid etching was applied to all teeth for 30 s, except in Group II. Group I included teeth where a single layer of primer was applied using the Transbond XT system before bracket bonding. Group II consisted of teeth bonded with brackets after using a self-etching primer with the Transbond XT system. Group III used GC Ortho Connect, a single-step adhesive that incorporates the primer within the adhesive itself. Group IV, a single layer of primer was applied before bonding with GC Ortho Connect. Shear bond strength (SBS) was assessed using one-way ANOVA and the Tukey-HSD test, while Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) scores were analyzed using the Chi-square test at a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: SBS measurements were recorded as 13.28 +/- 2.15 MPa for Group I, 11.06 +/- 2.26 MPa for Group II, 10.37 +/- 1.92 MPa for Group III, and 16.02 +/- 2.17 MPa for Group IV. Statistical analysis using the Tukey test revealed significant differences in SBS values between Groups II and IV, as well as Groups III and IV (p < 0.05). All groups showed clinically acceptable bond strength, with Group IV demonstrating superior adhesion. Additionally, the chi-square test indicated a statistically significant variation in the ARI scores across all four groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The adhesive performance of the one-step GC Ortho Connect system is clinically comparable to Transbond XT. However, primer application is necessary to achieve optimal bond strength.
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/jcm14144892
dc.identifier.issn2077-0383
dc.identifier.issue14
dc.identifier.pmid40725585
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105011645158
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14144892
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12868/4770
dc.identifier.volume14
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001554145400001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMdpi
dc.relation.ispartofJournal of Clinical Medicine
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WoS_20260121
dc.subjectadhesive remnant index
dc.subjectdental bonding
dc.subjectorthodontic adhesives
dc.subjectorthodontic brackets
dc.subjectshear bond strength
dc.titleA Comparison of the Effectiveness of Combined Primer and Adhesive Systems in Orthodontic Bonding: An In Vitro Study
dc.typeArticle

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