Effects of qigong for physical and psychological well-being in pregnancy: A multicenter randomized controlled trial

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dc.contributor.authorAhi, Emine Dundar
dc.contributor.authorKuculmez, Ozlem
dc.contributor.authorAfsar, Sevgi Ikbali
dc.contributor.authorDogan, Rahsan Eyup
dc.date.accessioned2026-01-24T12:31:08Z
dc.date.available2026-01-24T12:31:08Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentAlanya Alaaddin Keykubat Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractBackground: Psychological stress and anxiety during pregnancy can adversely affect both maternal and fetal health. Qigong, a traditional Chinese mind-body exercise, is believed to promote physical and mental well-being during pregnancy. This study aimed to investigate the effects of qigong on anxiety, stress, and exercise self-efficacy in pregnant women. Methods: This multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial included pregnant women in their second trimester attending prenatal education classes at Baskent University and Alaaddin Keykubat University. Women in the first or third trimester with uncontrolled systemic diseases, high-risk pregnancies, or irregular attendance were excluded. Participants were randomly assigned via Randomizer.org to either the Qigong group or the control group. The Qigong group performed Baduanjin qigong exercises for 30-45 min, three times a week, while the control group received standard prenatal counseling. Demographic data were recorded. All participants completed the Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Scale (PrAS), Pregnancy Stress Rating Scale (PSRS), and Pregnancy Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale (P-ESES). Results: A total of 102 pregnant women were analyzed (qigong group: 52; control group: 50). The mean age was 27.95 +/- 3.66 years, and the mean gestational week was 26.94 +/- 2.12. The qigong group showed significantly lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure increases compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Exercise self-efficacy scores increased significantly in the qigong group (p < 0.05). Pregnancy-related anxiety and stress scores, including all subscales, showed significant improvement in the qigong group (p < 0.05), with no significant changes in the control group (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Baduanjin qigong was effective in reducing anxiety and stress levels and improving exercise self-efficacy in pregnant women. This non-pharmacological intervention may offer a safe, supportive approach to mental well-being during pregnancy.
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.ctim.2025.103284
dc.identifier.issn0965-2299
dc.identifier.issn1873-6963
dc.identifier.pmid41176183
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105021234315
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2025.103284
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12868/5668
dc.identifier.volume95
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001620400100003
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherChurchill Livingstone
dc.relation.ispartofComplementary Therapies in Medicine
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WoS_20260121
dc.subjectMind-body medicine
dc.subjectMind-body therapies
dc.subjectBaduanjin, Pregnancy, Qigong
dc.subjectMind-body medicine
dc.subjectMind-body therapies
dc.titleEffects of qigong for physical and psychological well-being in pregnancy: A multicenter randomized controlled trial
dc.typeArticle

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