Effect of Hydrothermal Aging on the Flexural Strength and Microhardness of Materials Used for Additive or Subtractive Manufacturing of Definitive Restorations

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dc.authorid0000-0003-0061-8612
dc.authorid0000-0003-1751-9207
dc.authorid0000-0002-7101-363X
dc.contributor.authorYilmaz, Deniz
dc.contributor.authorCakmak, Gulce
dc.contributor.authorGuven, Mehmet Esad
dc.contributor.authorPieralli, Stefano
dc.contributor.authorYoon, Hyung-In
dc.contributor.authorRevilla-Leon, Marta
dc.contributor.authorYilmaz, Burak
dc.date.accessioned2026-01-24T12:29:04Z
dc.date.available2026-01-24T12:29:04Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.departmentAlanya Alaaddin Keykubat Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractPurpose: To evaluate the flexural strength (FS) and microhardness of various CAD/CAM restorative materials intended for definitive use. The effect of hydrothermal aging on the mechanical properties of these materials was also investigated. Materials and Methods: A total of 210 bar-shaped specimens (17 x 4 x 1.5 mm +/- 0.02 mm) were fabricated via either subtractive manufacturing (SM) methods-reinforced composite resin (SM-CR), polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (SM-PICN), fine-structured feldspathic ceramic (SM-FC), nanographene-reinforced polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA; SM-GPMMA), PMMA-based resin (SM-PMMA)-or additive manufacturing (AM) methods with urethane acrylate-based resins (AM-UA1 and AM-UA2). Specimens were then divided into two subgroups (nonaged or hydrothermal aging; n = 15). A three-point flexural strength test was performed, and five specimens from the nonaged group were submitted to microhardness testing. Specimens were subjected to 10,000 thermal cycles, and the measurements were repeated. Results: Regardless of aging, SM-CR had the highest FS (P <.001), followed by SM-GPMMA (P =.042). In nonaged groups, AM-UA2 had a lower FS than all other materials except SM-FC (P = 1.000). In hydrothermal aging groups, AM specimens had lower FS values than other materials, except SM-PMMA. With regard to microhardness, there was no significant difference found between any of the tested materials (P =.945) in the nonaged and hydrothermal aging groups. Conclusions: The effect of hydrothermal aging on FS varied depending on the type of restorative material. Regardless of aging condition, SM-CR showed the highest FS values, whereas SM- FC had the highest microhardness. Hydrothermal aging had no significant influence on the microhardness of the tested materials.
dc.identifier.doi10.11607/ijp.8847
dc.identifier.endpageS141
dc.identifier.issn0893-2174
dc.identifier.issn1942-4426
dc.identifier.pmid38498865
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85188458182
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.startpageS133
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.11607/ijp.8847
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12868/5112
dc.identifier.volume37
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001288399800017
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ3
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherQuintessence Publishing Co Inc
dc.relation.ispartofInternational Journal of Prosthodontics
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WoS_20260121
dc.subjectPolymers
dc.subjectAccuracy
dc.titleEffect of Hydrothermal Aging on the Flexural Strength and Microhardness of Materials Used for Additive or Subtractive Manufacturing of Definitive Restorations
dc.typeArticle

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