Cytokine expression profiles in children and adolescents with tic disorders

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dc.authorid0000-0002-1708-4779
dc.authorid0000-0001-9854-7220
dc.authorid0000-0003-2735-4805
dc.contributor.authorKutuk, Meryem Ozlem
dc.contributor.authorTufan, Ali Evren
dc.contributor.authorKilicaslan, Fethiye
dc.contributor.authorGokcen, Cem
dc.contributor.authorAksu, Gulen Guler
dc.contributor.authorYektas, Cigdem
dc.contributor.authorKandemir, Hasan
dc.date.accessioned2026-01-24T12:31:21Z
dc.date.available2026-01-24T12:31:21Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.departmentAlanya Alaaddin Keykubat Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractThe etiology of tic disorders (TDs) is not precisely known, although several lines of evidence suggest involvement of the immune system in pathogenesis. Here, we aimed to determine the expression levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in children with TD and compare them with those of healthy controls. Furthermore, we also evaluated their association with clinical variables in the TD group. Within the study period, 88 children with tic disorders and 111 healthy control children were enrolled. Most children with tic disorders were diagnosed with Tourette's disorder (n = 47, 53.4%) or persistent motor tic disorder (n = 39, 44.3%), while the remainder (n = 2, 2.3%) were diagnosed with persistent vocal tic disorder. We found that children with tic disorders had significantly elevated levels of IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-4 expression, while we detected lower expression levels of IL-17 in children with tic disorders. Our findings provide a molecular landscape of cytokine expression in children with TD, which may suggest a proinflammatory state not affected by the presence of comorbidity and symptom severity. Delineating the contribution of alterations in the immune system to the pathogenesis of tic disorders may pave the way for better therapeutic interventions.
dc.identifier.doi10.1038/s41598-024-62121-z
dc.identifier.issn2045-2322
dc.identifier.issue1
dc.identifier.pmid38956051
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85197633737
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-62121-z
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12868/5828
dc.identifier.volume14
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001262145700138
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMed
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherNature Portfolio
dc.relation.ispartofScientific Reports
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WoS_20260121
dc.subjectTic disorders
dc.subjectCytokines
dc.subjectImmune system
dc.subjectInflammation
dc.subjectTourette syndrome
dc.titleCytokine expression profiles in children and adolescents with tic disorders
dc.typeArticle

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