In Vivo Morphology of the Sternum with Emphasis on the Frequency of Sternal Foramen

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dc.authorid0000-0002-5138-5583
dc.authorid0000-0001-8925-3618
dc.authorid0000-0001-7463-3562
dc.contributor.authorKaragulle, Mehmet
dc.contributor.authorCandan, Busra
dc.contributor.authorTorun, Ebru
dc.contributor.authorHizay, Arzu
dc.contributor.authorKeles-Celik, Nigar
dc.date.accessioned2026-01-24T12:31:03Z
dc.date.available2026-01-24T12:31:03Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentAlanya Alaaddin Keykubat Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractObjectiveTo determine the incidence and morphology of the foramen in the sternum and to investigate the connection between the foramen and the types of xiphoid process terminations. Materials and MethodsA total of 1600 subjects over the age of 18 were evaluated retrospectively with three-dimensional bone configuration from computed tomography. The localization, morphology of the sternal foramen, and types of xiphoid process terminations were investigated. ResultsA sternal foramen was found in 127 subjects, with 74 (58.3%) located in the corpus and 53 (41.7%) in the xiphoid process. The xiphoid process termination types were as follows: single in 87 subjects (68.5%), double-ended in 34 subjects (26.8%), and triple-ended in 6 subjects (4.7%). No statistically significant correlation was found between xiphoid process termination type and foramen localization (p = 0.92, p > 0.05). ConclusionThe sternal foramen is of clinical important due to the important vital structures such as pericardium and pleura located posteriorly. Due to the high incidence of the sternal foramen and its morphologically large area, preliminary screening must be performed before clinical applications to the region. In addition, the sternal foramen is an important embryological variation that should be taken into consideration in terms of forensic medicine research and medical education.
dc.description.sponsorshipScientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK)
dc.description.sponsorshipOpen access funding provided by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK). None to declare
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s44411-025-00114-8
dc.identifier.endpage880
dc.identifier.issn0006-9248
dc.identifier.issn1336-0345
dc.identifier.issue6
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105001517515
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2
dc.identifier.startpage872
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1007/s44411-025-00114-8
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12868/5621
dc.identifier.volume126
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001465487000001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherSpringernature
dc.relation.ispartofBratislava Medical Journal
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WoS_20260121
dc.subjectSternal foramen
dc.subjectSternum morphology
dc.subjectXiphoid process ending type
dc.subjectSternum anatomy
dc.subjectRadiological evaluation of the sternum
dc.titleIn Vivo Morphology of the Sternum with Emphasis on the Frequency of Sternal Foramen
dc.typeArticle

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