Utilization of orange peel waste for activated carbon production and its application in particleboard for formaldehyde emission reduction

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dc.authorid0000-0002-9879-8801
dc.authorid0000-0002-3640-6198
dc.authorid0000-0002-0391-4794
dc.authorid0000-0002-9268-1469
dc.contributor.authorErgun, Mehmet Emin
dc.contributor.authorKoyuncu, Filiz
dc.contributor.authorIstek, Abdullah
dc.contributor.authorOzlusoylu, Ismail
dc.contributor.authorBulbul, Saban
dc.contributor.authorKilic-Pekgozlu, Ayben
dc.date.accessioned2026-01-24T12:30:49Z
dc.date.available2026-01-24T12:30:49Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentAlanya Alaaddin Keykubat Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractActivated carbon (AC) is valued for its large surface area, porosity, and chemical adsorption properties, making it suitable for a wide range of industrial applications. Its most common sources are coconut shells, wood, and coal - all of which are costly or harmful to the environment. It is thus important to finding sustainable feedstock, such as agricultural waste. Inexpensive materials like waste orange peel have been used in the production of AC. This study explores the synthesis of AC from orange peel waste through phosphoric acid (H3PO4) activation for potential applications in reducing volatile organic compounds such as formaldehyde emissions in particleboard production. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to examine AC. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of AC was 497 m2g(-)(1). The addition of AC to urea-formaldehyde (UF) adhesive enhanced cross-linking and condensation reactions, improving the mechanical and physical properties of particleboards without compromising integrity. The effects of AC on formaldehyde emissions were assessed at 0 and 3 months. Compared to the control group, particleboards with AC showed a 28.98% reduction in free formaldehyde emissions at 0 months and a 45.25% reduction at 3 months. Activated carbon derived from orange peels can thus improve particleboard properties while reducing formaldehyde emissions in an environmentally sustainable way.
dc.description.sponsorshipScientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [121C429]
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research was funded by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) (project no. 121C429).
dc.identifier.doi10.1002/bbb.2727
dc.identifier.endpage704
dc.identifier.issn1932-104X
dc.identifier.issn1932-1031
dc.identifier.issue3
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85215113150
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2
dc.identifier.startpage690
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.2727
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12868/5438
dc.identifier.volume19
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001396709800001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherWiley
dc.relation.ispartofBiofuels Bioproducts & Biorefining-Biofpr
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzKA_WoS_20260121
dc.subjectactivated carbon
dc.subjectagricultural waste
dc.subjectphosphoric acid activation
dc.subjectmechanical and physical properties of particleboards
dc.subjectvolatile organic compounds
dc.titleUtilization of orange peel waste for activated carbon production and its application in particleboard for formaldehyde emission reduction
dc.typeArticle

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