Iturin A and Gramicidin A inhibit proliferation, trigger apoptosis, and regulate inflammation in breast cancer cells

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dc.authorid0000-0001-6473-5813
dc.authorid0000-0003-4390-5769
dc.authorid0000-0002-3555-3946
dc.contributor.authorAltin-Celik, Pinar
dc.contributor.authorEken, Ahmet
dc.contributor.authorDerya-Andeden, Muazzez
dc.contributor.authorEciroglu, Hamiyet
dc.contributor.authorUzen, Ramazan
dc.contributor.authorDonmez-Altuntas, Hamiyet
dc.date.accessioned2026-01-24T12:31:12Z
dc.date.available2026-01-24T12:31:12Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.departmentAlanya Alaaddin Keykubat Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractBiosurfactants with antibiotic, antiviral, anti-tumor, and immunomodulatory properties appear to have potential in cancer treatment due to their lack of known toxicities compared with conventional chemotherapy. However, there are few studies on the use of biosurfactants for the treatment of breast cancer. In this study, to develop a new strategy for breast cancer treatment, we evaluated the anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and apoptotic effects of two different biosurfactants (Iturin A and Gramicidin A) from bacillus in both single and binary combination on two breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7, which is estrogen receptornegative and positive, respectively). First, the anti-proliferative effects of Iturin A and Gramicidin A, both single and in combination, were explored by MTT assay. Then, the effects of Iturin A and Gramicidin A on inflammatory factors were evaluated using the ELISA method. Apoptosis was assessed using Annexin V-PE/7-AAD and Giemsa staining methods. RT-qPCR analysis was used to evaluate the expressions of several cytokines with anti-tumor and apoptotic properties and the apoptotic BAX and BCL2 genes. Biosurfactants showed antiproliferative and anti-tumor properties by decreasing the viability of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells depending on concentration and time (p < 0.05-p<0.01). Biosurfactants induced apoptosis by stimulating apoptotic cell death (p < 0.05-p<0.001) and by increasing BAX and decreasing BCL2 gene expression levels (p < 0.05p<0.001) in breast cancer cells. Biosurfactants also regulated the expressions of extracellular and intracellular cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, IL-12, IL12RB2, TGF beta, TNF alpha, VEGF) and chemokines (IL-8, CCL2, CXCL10) in breast cancer cells (p < 0.05-p<0.01). Both single and binary combination applications of Iturin A and Gramicidin A biosurfactants, may potentially treat breast cancer patients, and the in vitro results presented here warrant further in vivo studies.
dc.description.sponsorshipErciyes University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (ERU/BAP) [TDK-2020-10190]
dc.description.sponsorshipWe thank M.Sc. Kubra Aslan for her technical support in the Annexin V-PE/7-AAD assay. The Erciyes University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (ERU/BAP; TDK-2020-10190) supported this work. We would like to thank the Proofreading & Editing Office of the Dean for Research at Erciyes University for copyediting and proofreading service for this manuscript.
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.jddst.2024.106121
dc.identifier.issn1773-2247
dc.identifier.issn2588-8943
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85202836244
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2024.106121
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12868/5727
dc.identifier.volume100
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001313076900001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.relation.ispartofJournal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzKA_WoS_20260121
dc.subjectApoptosis
dc.subjectCell viability
dc.subjectGramicidin A
dc.subjectInflammation
dc.subjectIturin A
dc.subjectBreast cancer
dc.titleIturin A and Gramicidin A inhibit proliferation, trigger apoptosis, and regulate inflammation in breast cancer cells
dc.typeArticle

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