An Investigation on the Energy Balance and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Orange Production in Turkey

Basit Öğe Kaydı
dc.authorid0000-0003-2701-8246
dc.authorid0000-0001-6230-4227
dc.authorid0000-0001-8673-9372
dc.authorid0000-0001-6230-4227
dc.contributor.authorSaltuk, Burak
dc.contributor.authorJagosz, Barbara
dc.contributor.authorGokdogan, Osman
dc.contributor.authorRolbiecki, Roman
dc.contributor.authorAtilgan, Atilgan
dc.contributor.authorRolbiecki, Stanislaw
dc.date.accessioned2026-01-24T12:29:30Z
dc.date.available2026-01-24T12:29:30Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.departmentAlanya Alaaddin Keykubat Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractIn agricultural production, it is important to determine where input usage saving can be implemented by taking energy use into consideration and to analyze the greenhouse gas emissions of agricultural activities. This study has been conducted to review orange (Citrus sinensis L.) production in terms of energy balance and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study was carried out during the 2015/2016 production season in Adana, a province in Turkey. Energy balance and GHG emissions have been defined by calculating the inputs and outputs of agricultural nature used in orange production. The findings of the study indicate that the distribution of energy inputs in orange production are 11,880 MJ ha(-1) (34.10%) of electricity, 10,079.75 MJ ha(-1) (28.93%) of chemical fertilizer energy, 7630 MJ ha(-1) (21.90%) of chemical energy, 3052 MJ ha(-1) (8.76%) of diesel fuel energy, 1348.91 MJ ha(-1) (3.87%) of human labor energy, 378 MJ ha(-1) (1.09%) of irrigation water energy, 351.22 MJ ha(-1) (1.01%) of machinery energy and 118.80 MJ ha(-1) (0.34%) of lime energy. In total, input energy (IE) in orange production has been calculated as 34,838.68 MJ ha(-1) and the output energy (OE) has been calculated as 95,000 MJ ha(-1). Energy use efficiency (EUE), specific energy (SE), energy productivity (EP) and net energy (NE) have been calculated as 2.73, 0.70 MJ kg(-1), 1.44 kg MJ(-1) and 60,161.32 MJ ha(-1), respectively. The total energy input in the production of oranges was divided into: 47.82% direct, 52.18% indirect, 4.96% from renewable sources and 95.04% from non-renewable sources. The GHG emissions figure for orange production was 3794.26 kg CO2-eq ha(-1), with electricity having the greatest share, 1983.96 (52.29%); the GHG ratio was 0.08 kg CO2-eq kg(-1). According to the results, the production of orange was considered to be profitable in terms of EUE.
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/en15228591
dc.identifier.issn1996-1073
dc.identifier.issue22
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85142609831
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/en15228591
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12868/5418
dc.identifier.volume15
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000887468800001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ3
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMdpi
dc.relation.ispartofEnergies
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WoS_20260121
dc.subjectCitrus sinensis L
dc.subjectenergy input
dc.subjectenergy output
dc.subjectenergy use efficiency
dc.subjectGHG
dc.titleAn Investigation on the Energy Balance and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Orange Production in Turkey
dc.typeReview Article

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