An Examination of the 2D:4D Ratio, Handedness and Footedness in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

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dc.contributor.authorKocaman, Orhan
dc.contributor.authorKara, Tayfun
dc.contributor.authorAvşar, Pınar Aydoğan
dc.contributor.authorKuru, Tacettin
dc.date.accessioned2026-01-24T12:00:50Z
dc.date.available2026-01-24T12:00:50Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.departmentAlanya Alaaddin Keykubat Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractAim: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition more common in boys than girls, although this gender variation has yet to be explained. The purpose of this study was to examine hand 2D:4D ratios and their association with ADHD. The study was also intended to compare hand 2D:4D ratios according to hand and foot dominance in individuals with ADHD. Methods: 168 children were included in the study, 91 diagnosed with ADHD and 77 healthy volunteers. All participants were evaluated via DSM-5 based psychiatric examinations, and their sociodemographic data were collected using forms prepared by the authors. The participants’ ADHD symptoms were assessed using the Conners’ Parent Rating Scale-Revised Short Form. 2D:4D ratios were determined by measuring the lengths of the bilateral second and fourth fingers using a digital compass. Hand and foot dominances were determined by evaluation in a clinical setting. The scores obtained were then compared. Results: Lower right and left hand 2D:4D ratios were determined in the individuals with ADHD than in the healthy controls (p=0.001 for both). No correlation was found between ADHD subscales and right or left hand 2D:4D ratios in the case group. No differences in 2D:4D ratios were also observed according to hand and foot dominances in the case group. Conclusion: This study produced important findings concerning whether hand 2D:4D ratios can be used as a marker of ADHD. We think that the data obtained may be of assistance to other studies assessing the phenotype characteristics of individuals with ADHD.
dc.identifier.doi10.30565/medalanya.1393223
dc.identifier.endpage253
dc.identifier.issn2587-0319
dc.identifier.issue3
dc.identifier.startpage249
dc.identifier.trdizinid1222897
dc.identifier.urihttps://search.trdizin.gov.tr/tr/yayin/detay/1222897
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.30565/medalanya.1393223
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12868/3744
dc.identifier.volume7
dc.indekslendigikaynakTR-Dizin
dc.language.isoen
dc.relation.ispartofActa Medica Alanya
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Ulusal Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_TR-Dizin_20260121
dc.subjectAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder
dc.subject2D:4D ratio
dc.subjecthandedness
dc.subjectfootedness
dc.titleAn Examination of the 2D:4D Ratio, Handedness and Footedness in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
dc.typeArticle

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