Enhancing Mode-I and Mode-II fracture toughness of carbon fiber/epoxy laminated composites using 3D-printed polyamide interlayers

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dc.authorid0000-0002-3204-6746
dc.contributor.authorBeylergil, Bertan
dc.contributor.authorDuman, Volkan
dc.date.accessioned2026-01-24T12:29:09Z
dc.date.available2026-01-24T12:29:09Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.departmentAlanya Alaaddin Keykubat Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractDelamination is a critical concern in laminated composites, affecting their structural integrity and overall performance. This study investigates the enhancement of Mode-I and Mode-II fracture toughness in carbon fiber/epoxy (CF/EP) composites through the incorporation of 3D-printed polyamide (PA) interlayers. Vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding was utilized to fabricate composite laminates with and without 3D-printed PA interlayers. Comprehensive testing was conducted to assess the effect of 3D-printed PA interlayers on the Mode-I and Mode-II fracture toughness, interlaminar shear strength, and flexural properties, as well as thermomechanical response using dynamic mechanical analysis. The results revealed a significant improvement in critical energy release rates for both Mode-I and Mode-II (GIc and GIIc), increasing by 43.5% and 81.2% respectively, compared to the reference composites. This enhancement was primarily attributed to crack bridging and plastic deformation of PA filaments in the interlaminar region. Additionally, interlaminar shear strength increased by 17.4%. While the reference composites had a glass transition temperature of 117.3 degrees C, the PA-reinforced composites showed a slightly higher value at 119.6 degrees C, with no significant change in the glass transition temperature. tan delta max values increased from 0.321 to 0.576, suggesting better energy dissipation in PA-reinforced composites. However, flexural properties were adversely affected by the increased thickness and reduced fiber volume fraction due to the introduction of 3D-printed PA interlayers, with the flexural modulus decreasing by approximately 28% and the flexural strength by around 50%. These findings offer promising opportunities to enhance the performance of CF/EP composites under specific loading scenarios, thus expanding their potential applications across diverse industries.
dc.description.sponsorshipScientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, TUBITAK [219M076]
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors disclosed receipt of the following financial supportfor the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, TUBITAK (1002-Short TermR&D Funding Program, Grant number: 219M076)
dc.identifier.doi10.1177/14644207231198961
dc.identifier.endpage591
dc.identifier.issn1464-4207
dc.identifier.issn2041-3076
dc.identifier.issue3
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85173756747
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.startpage578
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1177/14644207231198961
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12868/5141
dc.identifier.volume238
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001092124300001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ3
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherSage Publications Ltd
dc.relation.ispartofProceedings of The Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part L-Journal of Materials-Design and Applications
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.snmzKA_WoS_20260121
dc.subject3D printing
dc.subjectPA filaments
dc.subjectcarbon fiber/epoxy
dc.subjectinterlaminar fracture
dc.subjectmechanical testing
dc.titleEnhancing Mode-I and Mode-II fracture toughness of carbon fiber/epoxy laminated composites using 3D-printed polyamide interlayers
dc.typeArticle

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