ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4 Performance in Testicular Cancer: A Comparative Study

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dc.contributor.authorUysal, Ümit
dc.contributor.authorUçar, Murat
dc.contributor.authorSağır, Süleyman
dc.date.accessioned2026-01-24T12:01:35Z
dc.date.available2026-01-24T12:01:35Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentAlanya Alaaddin Keykubat Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractObjective: The aim of our study is to assess the reliability of Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT), compare the performance of ChatGPT-4 to ChatGPT-3.5, and explore its potential roles in healthcare decision-making. Materials and Methods: Thirty questions related to testicular cancer were prepared, based on the 2023 European Association of Urology guidelines and clinical experience. These questions were systematically posed to ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4, and responses were rated by three independent urologists using a six-point Likert scale. The median score from the three specialists was used as the final score. Results: Both ChatGPT versions provided an incorrect answer to one question, scoring a one. For GPT-3.5 and GPT-4, the percentage of responses considered incorrect by the urologists was 20% and 13.3%, respectively, while correct responses (scoring 3 or higher) accounted for 80% and 86.7%. For general information-diagnosis questions, GPT-3.5 and GPT-4, had average scores of 4.29 and 4.80, with median values of 4.27 and 4.67. For treatment follow-up questions, average scores were 3.60 and 4.16, with median values of 3.60 and 4.20. GPT 4 generally outperformed GPT-3.5, but the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: Our study shows that ChatGPT-4 is more reliable and accurate than ChatGPT-3.5 in testicular cancer-related queries. Continued development of its database and clinical capabilities could optimize ChatGPT’s utility in healthcare.
dc.identifier.doi10.4274/uob.galenos.2025.2025.1.2
dc.identifier.endpage46
dc.identifier.issn2147-2122
dc.identifier.issn2147-2270
dc.identifier.issue2
dc.identifier.startpage40
dc.identifier.trdizinid1325249
dc.identifier.urihttps://search.trdizin.gov.tr/tr/yayin/detay/1325249
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.4274/uob.galenos.2025.2025.1.2
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12868/4453
dc.identifier.volume24
dc.indekslendigikaynakTR-Dizin
dc.language.isoen
dc.relation.ispartofÜroonkoloji Bülteni
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Ulusal Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_TR-Dizin_20260121
dc.subjectArtificial intelligence
dc.subjectnatural language processing
dc.subjecttesticular cancer
dc.subjectChatGPT
dc.titleChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4 Performance in Testicular Cancer: A Comparative Study
dc.typeArticle

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