Yazar "Kara, Tayfun" seçeneğine göre listele

Listeleniyor 1 - 20 / 26
  • [ X ]
    Öğe
    An Examination of the 2D:4D Ratio, Handedness and Footedness in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
    (2023) Kocaman, Orhan; Kara, Tayfun; Avşar, Pınar Aydoğan; Kuru, Tacettin
    Aim: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition more common in boys than girls, although this gender variation has yet to be explained. The purpose of this study was to examine hand 2D:4D ratios and their association with ADHD. The study was also intended to compare hand 2D:4D ratios according to hand and foot dominance in individuals with ADHD. Methods: 168 children were included in the study, 91 diagnosed with ADHD and 77 healthy volunteers. All participants were evaluated via DSM-5 based psychiatric examinations, and their sociodemographic data were collected using forms prepared by the authors. The participants’ ADHD symptoms were assessed using the Conners’ Parent Rating Scale-Revised Short Form. 2D:4D ratios were determined by measuring the lengths of the bilateral second and fourth fingers using a digital compass. Hand and foot dominances were determined by evaluation in a clinical setting. The scores obtained were then compared. Results: Lower right and left hand 2D:4D ratios were determined in the individuals with ADHD than in the healthy controls (p=0.001 for both). No correlation was found between ADHD subscales and right or left hand 2D:4D ratios in the case group. No differences in 2D:4D ratios were also observed according to hand and foot dominances in the case group. Conclusion: This study produced important findings concerning whether hand 2D:4D ratios can be used as a marker of ADHD. We think that the data obtained may be of assistance to other studies assessing the phenotype characteristics of individuals with ADHD.
  • [ X ]
    Öğe
    Birth Order and Number of Siblings in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Case Control Study
    (2024) Kocaman, Orhan; Kara, Tayfun; Avşar, Pınar Aydoğan; Kuru, Tacettin
    Aim: Studies addressing the etiology of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in recent years have focused on family and birth-related factors.This study aimed to examine the relationship between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and birth order and number of siblings. Method: A total of 239 participants, 135 children diagnosed with ADHD and 104 healthy children, were included in the study. All participants were evaluated through DSM-5-based psychiatric examinations, and their sociodemographic data forms were obtained. Conners’ Parent Rating Scale-Revised Short form (CPRS-RS) was also applied to the case group in order to determine the severity of ADHD symptoms. The findings were then compared using statistical methods. Results: No significant difference was observed between the individuals with ADHD and the healthy controls in terms of birth order or number of siblings (p= 0.252 and p= 0.222, respectively). A significant positive correlation was determined in the ADHD group between birth order and hyperactivity and oppositional subscales (r= 0.212, p= 0.022 and r= 0.231, p= 0.012, respectively). A significant positive correlation was also determined in the ADHD group between number of siblings and the oppositional subscale (r= 0.237, p= 0.009). Conclusions:In our study, no significant difference was observed between the ADHD and control groups in terms of birth order or number of siblings.It was observed that hyperactivity and defiance symptoms increased as birth order increased in children diagnosed with ADHD. Oppositional findings also increased in line with the number of siblings.We think that these findings should be taken into consideration in future research on ADHD.
  • [ X ]
    Öğe
    Coping skills and smartphone addiction in adolescents with ADHD: A predictive model and relationship
    (Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2025) Kara, Tayfun; Kocaman, Orhan; Avsar, Pinar Aydogan; Kuru, Tacettin
    Background: We sought to examine the relationship between smartphone addiction and coping skills in adolescents diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), together with potential predictive factors. Method: Two hundred seventy-five participants (144 diagnosed with ADHD and 131 healthy controls) were included in the study. All participants were evaluated via DSM-5-based psychiatric examinations. Smartphone addiction levels were assessed using the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV), and coping skills were evaluated using the Coping Scale for Children and Youth (CSCY). The scores were then subjected to statistical comparisons. Results: Higher SAS-SV scores were observed in the adolescents with ADHD compared to the control group (p = 0.047). Significant positive correlations were found between cognitive avoidance (CAV) (p < 0.001, r = 0.377) and behavioural avoidance (BAV) (p < 0.001, r = 0.297) in the ADHD group. In contrast, significant negative correlations were found with Problem-solving (PROB) (p = 0.001, r =-0.281) and assistance-seeking (ASK) (p = 0.013, r = -0.206). Following model analysis, CAV emerged as a significant positive predictor of SAS-SV scores, and PROB as a significant negative predictor (p =0.005 and p = 0.016, respectively). Conclusions: The decrease in coping skills in adolescents diagnosed with ADHD was associated with an increase in smartphone addiction. Additionally, increased cognitive avoidance and low problem-solving skills also predicted addiction.
  • [ X ]
    Öğe
    Does augmentation with antipsychotic agents affect the medication adherence of the child with obsessive-compulsive disorder?
    (2019) Kara, Tayfun; Yılmaz, Semra; Kınay, Duygu; Akaltun, İsmail
    Antipsychotic agents can be used for augmentation when the response to treatment is insufficient in children with obsessive compulsive disorder. Our aim was to investigate adherence to treatment between patients with and without antipsychotic augmentation and factors potentially related to this. One hundred fourteen children and adolescents aged 8-18 years diagnosed with OCD and still receiving treatment were included in the study. Fifty-two subjects were received antipsychotic therapy for augmentation, while 62 were not receiving it. All subjects were evaluated using a sociodemographic data form, the 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8), and the Udvalg for Klinikse Undersegelser (UKU) side-effects rating scale. The results were then subjected to statistical analysis. Total MMAS-8 scores were statistically significantly lower in the augmentation group than in the monotherapy group (p: 0.01). Sex, receipt of psychotherapy and family monitoring of treatment had no effect on total MMAS-8 scores (p: 0.949, p: 0.394, and p: 0.198, respectively). Higher UKU side-effect rating scale scores were determined in the augmentation group compared to the monotherapy group (p<0.05). Correlation analysis revealed that UKU total score (r:-0.272, p:0.003) and UKU psychological side-effects subscale score (r:-0.263, p:0.005) were significantly inversely correlated with MMAS-8 total scores. Side-effects deriving from medications affected adherence to treatment more significantly than several other environmental factors in children with OCD. Our findings show the need for side-effects, and particularly psychological side-effects, the frequency of which increases with augmentation, to be monitored in terms of adherence to treatment.
  • [ X ]
    Öğe
    Evaluation of depression among children and adolescents with brucellosis without neurological involvement593
    (2019) Akaltun, İsmail; Kara, Soner Sertan; Ayaydın, Hamza; Kara, Tayfun
    Purpose: Brucella infection may appear with varying clinical manifestations, from subclinical infection to severe bacteremia or central nervous system infections. The aim of this study was to compare depression rates in brucellosis cases without neurobrucellosis with a non-brucellosis control group. Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty children and adolescents, 60 with brucellosis and 60 controls, were included in the study. All subjects were administered the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children -Present and Lifetime Version-Turkish Version (K-SADS-PL-T), and psychiatric evaluation was performed on the basis of DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. Subjects were also assessed with the administration of the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) and a detailed information form. Results: Depression was diagnosed in 16 (26.7%) of the patients with brucellosis, and in 3 (5%) of the control group, the incidence being significantly higher in the case group. CDI scores were also higher in the case group than in the control group. Conclusion: The higher rate of depression in children and adolescents with brucellosis, even in the absence of neurological involvement, suggests the importance of these cases being evaluated in psychological terms.
  • [ X ]
    Öğe
    Evaluation of primary markers of inflammation and the systemic inflammation index in specific learning disabilities
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Avsar, Pinar Aydogan; Kara, Tayfun; Kocaman, Orhan; Akkus, Merve
    Aim: Specific learning disorder (SLD) is a term that refers to reading, writing and arithmetic difficulties. The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and systemic inflammation index (SII) are affordable and accessible inflammatory biomarkers. This research aims to evaluate the relationship between NLR, PLR, SII and SLD to determine whether inflammation contributes to pathogenesis. Methods: This study included 90 SLD-diagnosed patients and 90 age-, sex- and ethnicity-matched healthy controls. Blood cell counts and NLR, PLR and SII values were obtained from medical records and compared between the two groups. Results: The NLR, PLR and SII were significantly higher (p = 0.029, p = 0.033 and p = 0.018 respectively) and lymphocyte counts were significantly lower (p = 0.041) in the SLD group. WISC-R total scores decreased with age in the SLD group (-1.988 coefficient, Beta = -0.247 beta, p = 0.041). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the SII was the only parameter independently associated with the diagnosis of SLD (Beta = 0.003, p = 0.023). Conclusion: Inflammation might play a role in SLD etiopathogenesis. NLR, PLR and SII may be potential biomarkers for SLD in children. Further research may lead to early diagnosis and additional anti-inflammatory pharmacological therapies for SLDs.
  • [ X ]
    Öğe
    Foveal avascular zone and vessel density in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
    (Springer, 2020) Tarakçıoğlu, Hatice Nur; Yılmaz, Semra; Kara, Tayfun; Yıldız, Ayşegül Mavi; Yiğit, Ulviye; Özkaya, Abdullah
    Purpose To compare the retinal and choroidal microvasculature quantitatively via optical coherence angiography (OCTA) in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who were under methylphenidate (MFD) treatment or newly diagnosed as ADHD and were not taking any medication. Methods This was a cross-sectional, comparative, and observational study. The children who were between 6 and 17 years old and previously diagnosed as ADHD and were under MFD treatment or who were newly diagnosed as ADHD were included in the study. Optical coherence tomography angiography imaging was performed via OCT RT XR Avanti with AngioVue software (Optivue Inc, Freemont, CA). The main outcome measure of the study was OCTA parameters of the children with ADHD. Results A total of 186 eyes of 186 patients were included in the study. There were 80 eyes in the control group (newly diagnosed) and 106 eyes in the treatment group (under MFD treatment). The mean duration of methylphenidate use in the treatment group was 33.9 +/- 20.1 months (between 6 and 84 months). The choriocapillary flow area (p = 0.03), superficial parafoveal thickness (p = 0.01), and deep parafoveal thickness (p = 0.01) were statistically greater in the treatment group than the control group. Conclusion Most of the important OCTA parameters especially foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area and FAZ perimeter were similar in the two groups. There was a significant difference between the two groups in parafoveal thickness values which might point to a slight effect of MFD on retinal circulation.
  • [ X ]
    Öğe
    Is bilingualism really an advantage? What about individuals with autism?
    (2024) Kara, Tayfun; Aslan, Ahmet
    The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is rising globally, making the identification of at-risk groups increasingly important. The proportion of bilingual families has also increased in recent years. There are very few studies examining the relationship between ASD and bilingualism. Although bilingualism is considered an advantage in terms of child development, its consequences in the presence of ASD are unclear. Therefore, there is no consensus among professionals in this field on the subject of bilingualism. Being bilingual is a factor that should not be overlooked during interventions for children with ASD. More research is needed to examine the relationship between being bilingual and ASD longitudinally.
  • [ X ]
    Öğe
    Is Problematic Media Use a Marker for Aggression in Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder?
    (Yerkure Tanitim & Yayincilik Hizmetleri A S, 2023) Kara, Tayfun; Kocaman, Orhan; Avsar, Pinar Aydogan; Kuru, Tacettin
    Objective: Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is associated with a series of problems, including aggressive behavior and problematic media use (PMU). However, the literature concerning the relationship between PMU and aggressive behavior patterns in children diagnosed with ADHD is limited. This study examines the relationships between PMU and aggression in children with ADHD.Methods: One hundred sixty-two children aged 6-12 years diagnosed with ADHD were included in the study. All participants were assessed with DSM-5-based psychiatric evaluations. Aggressive behaviors in children were evaluated using the Children's Aggression Scale Parent Version (CAS-P). The children's screen use was scored using the Problematic Media Use Measure Short Form (PMUM-SF). The data obtained were compared using statistical methods.Results: A significant correlation at the p<.05 level was determined between PMU and the severity of ADHD (mild-moderate and severe). PMU was positively and statistically significantly correlated with verbal aggression (r = 0.422, p < 0.001), aggression against objects and animals (r = 0.367, p < 0.001), provoked physical aggression (r = 0.365, p < 0.001) and unprovoked physical aggression (r = 0.283, p < 0.001). In addition, PMU significantly (p <0.001) predicted verbal aggression, aggression against objects and animals, and provoked and unprovoked physical aggression.Conclusion: A positive correlation was observed between PMU in children and the risk of aggression in this group, and PMU predicted aggression. These findings may contribute to the formation of guidelines for intervention when problematic behaviors emerge in children diagnosed with ADHD.
  • [ X ]
    Öğe
    Is there a Relation Between Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and ADHD and Severity of ADHD in Children and Adolescents? A Case-Control Study
    (2020) Akaltun, İsmail; Kara, Tayfun; Cayir, Atilla; Ayaydın, Hamza
    Our aim in this study was to investigate the relation between type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) and attention deficithyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and severity of ADHD in children and adolescents. Cases (n:80) and healthy children (n:80) aged 6-18 and followed-up with Type 1 DM were included in the study. Psychiatric evaluation in the light of DSM-5 (The Diagnostic andStatistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition diagnostic criteria), an information form, the ADHD section of the Schedulefor Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children (6-18) (K-SADS-PL-T), the DuPaul ADHD Rating Scale, theConners Teaching Rating Scale (CTRS), and the Conners Parental Rating Scale (CPRS) was applied to the participants. The twogroups were compared in terms of ADHD and ADHD severity. Sixteen of the cases with type 1 DM, and 5 of the control groupwere diagnosed with ADHD, the rate of ADHD being higher in the case group (chi-square p<0.05). A statistically significantdifference was determined between the ADHD scale scores. Mean HbA1c in cases diagnosed with ADHD in the case group washigher than in undiagnosed cases (p=0.020). All scale parameters, apart from HbA1c and the attention part of the CTRS, werehigher in cases diagnosed with ADHD in the case group than in cases not diagnosed with ADHD(p=0.020). Duration of exposure todiabetes, and numbers of hospitalizations and ketoacidosis attacks were higher in cases with ADHD in the case group than in thosewithout ADHD (p<0.05). There was a significant difference in terms of ADHD between the control and case groups in our study,and there is a probable association between ADHD and type 1 DM. Further, more detailed studies are needed to provide a clearexplanation of that relation.
  • [ X ]
    Öğe
    Maternal perception of spousal support in raising children with developmental disability in the context of family and child variables
    (Wiley, 2022) Kara, Tayfun; Alpgan, Omer
    Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the variables of mental, physical, and emotional problems in children with developmental disabilities (DDs) and the spousal support perceived by the mothers of those children. Methods: One hundred forty-three children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD, n:43), intellectual disability (ID, n:28), cerebral palsy (CP, n:47), or Down syndrome (DS, n:25) were included in this study. The support that mothers received from their spouses was evaluated using the Spousal Support Scale (SSS). Aggressive behavior in the children was evaluated using the anger-aggression subscale of the Social Competence and Behavior Evaluation Scale (SCBE-30). The data obtained were then subjected to statistical comparisons. Results: Multiple comparisons revealed no significant difference between the DD diagnosis groups (ID, CP, ASD, and DS) in terms of spousal support or spousal support sub-dimension scores (p > 0.05). Significant negative correlation was found between anger-aggression subscale scores and SSS sub-parameters (emotional support r = -0.315 p < 0.001, financial and informational support r = -0.285 p < 0.001, appreciation r = -0.299 p < 0.001, social support r = -0.381 p < 0.001, and spouse support score r = -0.389 p < 0.001). Conclusion: Children's anger-aggression levels were adversely affected by a lack of spousal support for their mothers.
  • [ X ]
    Öğe
    Nursing personality and features in children with autism spectrum disorder aged 0-2: an exploratory case-control study
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2020) Kara, Tayfun; Alpgan, Ömer
    Aim Although studies have investigated relationships between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and breastfeeding duration, information concerning these children's nursing styles is limited. This study investigated nursing personality and features and ASD. Method One hundred forty-one children aged 24-72 months diagnosed with ASD and 128 healthy children were included. Information concerning the family's sociodemographic characteristics and the child's developmental stages was obtained through forms prepared by the authors and from hospital records. The Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) was used to determine symptom severity in ASD. Development levels of children with ASD were determined using the Denver Developmental Screening Test 2nd Edition (DDST II). Results Mothers of children with ASD reported higher rates of unintended pregnancies (p = 0.029) [2.380*(1.093-5.182)]. Children with ASD exhibited less nursing strike (NS) behavior (p = 0.042) [0.388(0.156-0.967)] and less eye contact during breastfeeding (ECDB) (p = 0.009) [2.300(1.236-4.282)]. NS reduced the risk of ASD 2.6-fold, while absence of ECDB increased the risk 2.3-fold, and unintended pregnancy increased the risk 2.4-fold. Higher CARS scores were determined in children with ASD with vaginal delivery histories (p = 0.041) and histories of incubation (p = 0.025). Lack of ECDB was associated with decreased social and gross motor scores at DDST-II (p = 0.005). Conclusion Babies with ASD began breastfeeding at least as early as typically developing peers and for similar lengths of time. However, babies with ASD exhibited less NS behavior and less eye contact during breastfeeding. Babies with ASD perceive no emotional cues even in the first months, and may therefore not exhibit NS behavior.
  • [ X ]
    Öğe
    OTİZM SPEKTRUM BOZUKLUĞU TANILI ÇOCUKLARDA DOĞUM SIRASI VE HASTALIĞIN ŞİDDETİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: VAKA KONTROL ÇALIŞMASI
    (2024) Kara, Tayfun; Kocaman, Orhan; Avşar, Pınar Aydoğan; Kuru, Tacettin
    Amaç: Son yıllarda otizm spektrum bozukluğu (OSB) olgularının artan prevalansı araştırmacıların OSB ile ilişkili faktörlere odaklanmasına yol açmıştır. Çalışmamızda OSB'li çocuklarda doğuma dair parametreler ve hastalığın belirti şiddeti arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemeyi amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya 213’ü OSB tanılı ve 152’si sağlıklı kontrol olmak üzere toplam 365 katılımcı çocuk alındı. Tüm katılımcılar DSM-5 temelli psikiyatrik muayene ile değerlendirildi. Katılımcıların sosyodemografik verileri araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan formlar ile elde edildi. Vaka grubuna ilave olarak OSB belirti şiddetini değerlendirmek için Çocukluk Çağı Otizm Değerlendirme Ölçeği (ÇODÖ) uygulandı. Elde edilen bulgular istatistiksel yöntemler ile karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: Çalışmamızda OSB tanılı çocuklarda kontrol gurubuna kıyasla daha yüksek baba yaşı (p=0,047), 3,74 kat yüksek erkek cinsiyet oranı (p<0,001), daha düşük gelir düzeyi (p=0,054), daha düşük anne ve baba eğitim düzeyleri (sırasıyla, p=0,004 / p=0,009) olduğu görülmüştür. Etkilenen çocuğun doğum sırası ve sağlıklı çocukların doğum sıraları arasında anlamlı farklılık saptanmamıştır (p=0,363). Etkilenen çocuğun doğum sırası ve toplam çocuk sayısı ile ÇODÖ skorları arasında anlamlı ilişki görülmemiştir (sırasıyla, r=0,085 p: 0,279 / r=0,101 p=0,203). Sonuç: Çalışmamızda doğum sırası ile OSB varlığı ve şiddeti arasında ilişki saptanmamıştır. Ancak OSB’li ailelerde ileri baba yaşı, düşük sosyoekonomik düzey ve eğitim düzeyi olduğu görülmüştür. Bu bulguların OSB'nin nedenlerine ilişkin gelecekteki araştırmalarda dikkate alınması gerektiğini düşünmekteyiz. Çalışmamızın, OSB'deki klinik heterojenliğe katkıda bulunan bu mekanizmanın anlaşılmasını ilerletmek için önemli etkileri vardır.
  • [ X ]
    Öğe
    Predictors of anxiety, depression and health anxiety in COVID-19 infected patients with lung involvement in inpatient units
    (Bayrakol Medical Publisher, 2022) Karandere, Faruk; Kuru, Tacettin; Kara, Tayfun
    Aim: Although numerous community-based studies and case reports have been published on COVID-19 and its psychological effects, studies involving hospitalized patients are limited. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate indicators associated with anxiety, depression, and health anxiety in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Material and Methods: One hundred ninety-eight patients hospitalized with diagnoses of COVID-19 pneumonia were included in the study. Participants' sociodemographic characteristics and initial presentation variables were obtained from hospital records and information forms. Severity of lung involvement (SLI) was obtained from thoracic computed tomography (CT) records. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Whiteley Index-7 (WI-7) were applied to all participants. Results: HADS-A levels were higher among female patients than among men (p=0.003). Higher WI-7 scores were determined in patients with mild SLI compared to those with moderate-severe SLI (p=0.012). HADS-A scores were higher in patients with primary symptoms of dyspnea, and HADS-D scores were higher in participants with primary symptoms of cough (p=0.026 and p=0.008, respectively). Discussion: Female gender, severity of lung involvement, and symptoms of dyspnea and cough were identified as clinical indicators in terms of mental health evaluation. We think that our results will be a guide for determining the psychiatric support requirements of COVID-19 patients.
  • [ X ]
    Öğe
    Regressive autism with autoimmune encephalitis: case report and literature review of subtype of autism spectrum disorder
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Avsar, Pinar Aydogan; Kara, Tayfun; Kocaman, Orhan
    About one-third of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show a sudden loss of acquired skills between the 2nd or 3rd years of life. The primary areas of loss were grouped into language skills, social interest, adaptive functioning, and motor skills. A 4-year and 2-month-old boy presented to the child and adolescent mental health and disease outpatient clinic with his parents with complaints of decreased eye contact, and regression in speech. His developmental milestones were within the typical range of three years and two months. During the investigation into the organic etiology of regression, serum anti-CASPR2 positivity was detected, and intravenous immunoglobulin administration was initiated. After 6 months of treatment and special education, there was a slight decrease in the CARS score along with improvements in adaptation to change, visual response, and non-verbal communication. This rare case of regressive autism accompanied by autoimmune encephalitis provides further evidence in the field that autoimmune encephalitis may influence the development of the regressive subtype of ASD. Differential diagnosis is crucial because additional immunotherapy may be beneficial in these cases. Further investigation is needed to identify the relationship.
  • [ X ]
    Öğe
    Smartphone Addiction and Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder in Adolescents: Chicken or the Egg
    (Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Kara, Tayfun
    [Abstract Not Available]
  • [ X ]
    Öğe
    Strengths and Difficulties Regarding Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Correlation with Social Responsiveness and Disorder Severity
    (2024) Avşar, Pınar Aydoğan; Kara, Tayfun; Kocaman, Orhan; Kuru, Tacettin
    Objective: Children with neurodevelopmental disabilities often experience social difficulties. Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are more likely to experience peer rejection and cognitive, academic, family, and professional difficulties. This investigation aimed to identify the predictors of difficulties faced by children and adolescents with ADHD. Material and Methods: We established ADHD diagnoses based on DSM-5 criteria. Moreover, every participant had a diagnostic evaluation by a child and adolescent psychiatrist using the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS-PL) and a detailed sociodemographic form documented. Parents completed the Turgay DSM IV-Based Child and Adolescent Behavioural Disorders Screening and Rating Scale (T-DSM-IV-S), the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) for their children. Results: The study included 99 children, 59 in the ADHD group and 40 in the control group. There was no significant difference between the groups regarding gender and age. The mean scores of T-DSM-IV-S [Attention deficit (AD), Hyperactivity/impulsivity (H/I), Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), Conduct disorder (CD)], SDQ, and SRS were significantly higher in the ADHD group than in the control group. Among the independent variables in the regression model, SRS total scores significantly predicted SDQ-total (? = 0.238, p = 0.033) and SDQ-emotion (? =0.439, p = 0.001) scores in the ADHD group. Conclusion: Children diagnosed with ADHD may have more receptive deficits in mutual interactions than their peers, which greatly impacts their social behaviors. Early social skills training for social functioning impairments may reduce the condition’s social impact
  • [ X ]
    Öğe
    The 2D:4D ratios in the mothers of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
    (Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2025) Kocaman, Orhan; Avsar, Pinar A. Y. D. O. G. A. N.; Kara, Tayfun; Kuru, Tacettin
    Background: Prenatal exposure to high levels of testosterone affects the development of the brain. The purpose of this study was to compare the mothers of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and those of healthy children in terms of the digit ratio (2D:4D). It also examines the relationship between ADHD symptoms and the 2D:4D in mothers. Method: The mothers of 120 children with ADHD and of 61 healthy children were included in the study. 2D:4D were measured for both the patients and the healthy individuals, and sociodemographic data were examined. The mothers' ADHD symptoms were measured using the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS). The patient and control groups were compared in terms of 2D:4D values and ADHD symptoms. The relationship between 2D:4D and ADHD was also examined in the patient group. Results: Maternal right 2D:4D (p < 0.001) and left 2D:4D (p = 0.003) values in the ADHD group were significantly lower than in the control group mothers. No association was also observed between the left hand and right 2D:4D ratios of the mothers in the case group and the ASRS- Hyperactivity or Attention Deficit subscales. Conclusion: Our findings add to the literature examining the relationship between prenatal exposure to testosterone and ADHD. This study shows that the mothers of children with ADHD are exposed to greater prenatal testosterone. In addition, it does not support the hypothesis that prenatal exposure to testosterone in the mothers of children with ADHD plays a role in the development of ADHD symptoms. Further studies examining this relationship in mothers are now needed.
  • [ X ]
    Öğe
    The Effects of Anxiety on Social Competence and Behavioural Adjustment in Preschoolers With Developmental Language Disorder
    (Wiley, 2025) Kocaman, Orhan; Kuru, Tacettin; ozsan, Orgul Yildiz; Kara, Tayfun; Kilic, Umut mert; Avsar, Pinar Aydogan
    This study compared the social competence and emotional-behavioural adjustment of children aged 36-72 months with developmental language disorder (DLD) with those of typically developing peers (TD) and examined the relationship between anxiety disorders and these domains in the DLD group. The sample consisted of 229 children (92 DLD, 137 TD). Data were collected using the Social Competence and Behaviour Evaluation Scale-30 and the Preschool Anxiety Scale. Children with DLD exhibited lower social competence and higher anxiety-withdrawal and anger-aggression scores than their TD peers. In the DLD group, generalized anxiety and specific fears were negatively associated with social competence and positively associated with anxiety-withdrawal and anger-aggression. Social anxiety was negatively associated with social competence and positively associated with anxiety-withdrawal. Separation anxiety was positively associated with anxiety-withdrawal and anger-aggression. Regression analyses showed that social anxiety predicted anxiety-withdrawal, and generalized anxiety predicted anger-aggression. Moderation analysis determined that language development levels moderated the relationship between generalized anxiety and anger-aggression in children with DLD, such that generalized anxiety positively predicted anger-aggression, but this effect became weaker as language development levels increased. Children with DLD exhibit social-emotional and behavioural adjustment difficulties, with which anxiety symptoms are significantly associated. Intervention programs should consider anxiety symptoms when supporting the development of social and behavioural skills in children with DLD.
  • [ X ]
    Öğe
    THE EFFECTS OF LONG-ACTING METHYLPHENIDATE FORMULATIONS AND ATOMOXETINE ON CARDIAC FUNCTIONS IN CHILDREN WITH ATTENTION DEFICIT AND HYPERACTIVITY
    (2023) Mıhçıoğlu, Ajda Mutlu; Kara, Tayfun
    Objective: Methylphenidate (MPH) and atomoxetine (ATX) are most commonly prescribed for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In the literature, there are studies performed to evaluate each of these drugs, but there is no study comparing these three medications together. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the cardiac effects of these medications. Methods: Forty-six children with ADHD using osmotic-release oral system MPH (OROS-MPH), 46 using extended-release MPH (ER-MPH), and 46 using ATX for at least six months were included in the patient groups. Forty-six children with normal cardiac findings were enrolled as the control group. All participants were evaluated using a sociodemographic information form, 12-channel electrocardiography (ECG), transthoracic 2D, Doppler and tissue Doppler echocardiography. Results: Statistically significant differences were observed in terms of A wave velocity, E/A and E’ septal values between the groups (p=0.002, p<0.001, p=0.002, respectively). Children using ATX had higher A wave velocities than the OROS-MPH users and controls (p<0.001 and p=0.007, respectively) and lower E/A values than the OROS-MPH users and controls (p<0.001 for both). Children using ER-MPH and ATX had lower E’ septal values compared to the control group (p<0.001 and p=0.002, respectively). Conclusion: Atomoxetine treatment showed impairment in some of the myocardial relaxation parameters more than long acting-MPH medications. In conclusion, although the drugs used in the treatment of ADHD are cardiac safe in general and do not cause clinical findings of heart failure, patients should be evaluated for cardiac involvement. Further studies are needed to support the findings in our study