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    Evaluation of Temperament and Character Traits and Their Subscale Dimensions Associated with Major Depressive Disorder
    (2022) Uygur, Abdullah Burak; Özdemir Öktem, Ece; Çelik, Selime
    Objectives: The relationship between major depressive disorder (MDD) and, especially harm avoidance, self-directedness, and cooperativeness has been determined based on Cloninger's psychobiological personality model; there are not enough studies in the literature on the role of the subdimensions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the patients with MDD and healthy controls in terms of temperament and character traits and especially subdimensions and thus to determine the role and predictive value of temperament and character subdimensions in major depression patients. Methods: The sample of this cross-sectional study consisted of 105 participants, 65 of whom were MDD patients, and 40 healthy controls, who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study. Sociodemographic data form, temperament and character inventory, and Hamilton depression rating scale were administered to the participants. Results: Compared with healthy controls, patients with MDD had lower self-directedness (p<0.001), cooperativeness (p=0.017), persistence (p<0.001), self-transcendence (p=0.001), and higher harm avoidance (p<0.001) scores. While there was no significant difference in novelty seeking (p=0.774); it was determined that MDD patients got higher scores in "Impulsiveness" (p=0.013) and lower scores in "Exploratory excitability" (p=0.001) subscales. Reward dependence has been identified as the only personality trait that there was no significant difference between major depression patients and healthy controls (p=0.511). As a result of the logistic regression analysis performed to determine the predictors of temperament and character subdimensions in major depression patients, only three temperament and character traits "Fatigability, Purposefulness, and Spiritual Acceptance" were determined as significant predictors (p<0.001). Fatigability was determined to be a serious risk factor, increasing the probability of MDD 3.6 times (p<0.001); purposefulness and spiritual acceptance were found to be protective personality traits that together reduced the probability of MDD by 0.8 times (p<0.001). Conclusion: This study shows that the risk of developing MDD is increased in individuals with low self-directedness, cooperativeness, persistence, and self-transcendence profiles, and whereas with prominent Harm avoidance personality traits. Therapeutic interventions, especially considering the temperament and character traits of "Fatigability, Purposefulness, and Spiritual Acceptance" determined in our study, may contribute positively to MDD treatment.
  • Küçük Resim
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    Evaluation of temperament and character traits and their subscale dimensions associated with major depressive disorder
    (The Medical Bulletin of Sisli Etfal Hospital, 2022) Uygur, Abdullah Burak; Özdemir Öktem, Ece; Çelik, Selime
    Objectives: The relationship between major depressive disorder (MDD) and, especially harm avoidance, self-directedness, and cooperativeness has been determined based on Cloninger’s psychobiological personality model; there are not enough studies in the literature on the role of the subdimensions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the patients with MDD and healthy controls in terms of temperament and character traits and especially subdimensions and thus to determine the role and predictive value of temperament and character subdimensions in major depression patients. Methods: The sample of this cross-sectional study consisted of 105 participants, 65 of whom were MDD patients, and 40 healthy controls, who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study. Sociodemographic data form, temperament and character inventory, and Hamilton depression rating scale were administered to the participants. Results: Compared with healthy controls, patients with MDD had lower self-directedness (p<0.001), cooperativeness (p=0.017), persistence (p<0.001), self-transcendence (p=0.001), and higher harm avoidance (p<0.001) scores. While there was no significant difference in novelty seeking (p=0.774); it was determined that MDD patients got higher scores in “Impulsiveness” (p=0.013) and lower scores in “Exploratory excitability” (p=0.001) subscales. Reward dependence has been identified as the only personality trait that there was no significant difference between major depression patients and healthy controls (p=0.511). As a result of the logis tic regression analysis performed to determine the predictors of temperament and character subdimensions in major depression patients, only three temperament and character traits “Fatigability, Purposefulness, and Spiritual Acceptance” were determined as significant predictors (p<0.001). Fatigability was determined to be a serious risk factor, increasing the probability of MDD 3.6 times (p<0.001); purposefulness and spiritual acceptance were found to be protective personality traits that together reduced the prob ability of MDD by 0.8 times (p<0.001). Conclusion: This study shows that the risk of developing MDD is increased in individuals with low self-directedness, cooperative ness, persistence, and self-transcendence profiles, and whereas with prominent Harm avoidance personality traits. Therapeutic in terventions, especially considering the temperament and character traits of “Fatigability, Purposefulness, and Spiritual Acceptance” determined in our study, may contribute positively to MDD treatment.
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    Öğe
    Paracetamol alters empathy scores in healthy and headache subjects: Functional MRI correlates
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2020) Çankaya, Şeyda; Öktem, Ece Özdemir; Saatçi, Özlem; Vehoğlu, Halil Aziz; Uygur, Abdullah Burak; Özşimşeka, Ahmet; Yuluğ, Burak
    Introduction: Although previous evidence suggest that paracetamol decreases psychological reactivity in healthy subjects, there is still no confirmed correlation between the empathy scores and brain activity in healthy and headache patients after paracetamol treatment. Material and methods: The study group included 16 patients with tension-type headache, and 12 healthy age-and sex-matched controls. After a detailed neurological examination Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) and Empathy for Pain Scale (EPS) were applied to all subjects. Next, 1000 mg paracetamol tablet was administered orally, after administration of paracetamol, EPS were repeated, and fMRI was performed to all subjects. Results: We have revealed increased empathy scores in the headache group after the paracetamol treatment which were associated with significant alterations in brain regions which play a critical role in the processing of empathy. Discussion: The observed neuroimaging and clinical difference between healthy and headache subjects could be related to the fact that pain perception in healthy subjects might differ in some aspects from the mechanisms of empathy in headache-experienced patients. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that evaluated the paracetamol treatment and neural networks' correlation with pain empathy in healthy and headache individuals. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Şizofreni hastalarının ihtiyaçları ve öngörülebilirliği
    (2019) Uygur, Abdullah Burak; Danacı, Ayşen Esen
    Amaç: Bu çalışmada amacımız, şizofreni hastalarının ihtiyaçlarını tespit etmek ve bu ihtiyaçlar ile ilişkili sosyodemografik ve klinik değişkenleri belirleyebilmektir. Yöntem: Çalışma, DSM-IV-TR tanı ölçütlerine göre, şizofreni tanısı olan 94 hasta ve bakım verenleriyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Hastaların ihtiyaçları, hem hasta hem de bakım veren görüşlerini yansıtan Camberwell İhtiyaçları Değerlendirme Ölçeği (CİDÖ) temel alınarak değerlendirilmiştir. Veri toplama aracı olarak, CİDÖ’ye ek olarak, Pozitif ve Negatif Sendrom Ölçeği, Calgary Şizofrenide Depresyon Ölçeği, Bireysel ve Sosyal Performans Ölçeği, Şizofreni Hastaları için Yaşam Niteliği Ölçeği ve Algılanan Aile Yükü Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: ‘Psikotik belirtiler’ en çok tespit edilen ihtiyaç olarak öne çıkarken, ‘Para ve ilişkiler’ ise, hastaların en mağdur oldukları ihtiyaçlar olarak belirlenmiştir. Kadın olmak, evli olmak, toplum içinde yaşamak, lise ve üstü eğitim düzeyine sahip olmak; daha az ihtiyaçla ilişkili bulunmuştur. Hastaların tespit ettiği ihtiyaçların %45,1, karşılanmayan ihtiyaçlarınsa %23,4’ü öngörülmüştür. Hastalara göre, ‘Calgary Şizofrenide Depresyon Ölçeği ve Algılanan Aile Yükü Ölçeği’; bakım verenlere göreyse, ‘PANSS-Pozitif Belirtiler Ölçeği’ anlamlı yordayıcılar olarak dikkat çekmektedir. Sonuç: Şizofreni hastaları için sadece belirtileri hedef alarak yapılan tedaviler yetersiz kalmaktadır. Tedavi planlaması hastaların ihtiyaçlarına odaklanılarak yapılmalı ve tedavinin merkezinde hastaların tespit ettiği ihtiyaçlar olmalıdır. ‘’İhtiyaç tespiti’’ sadece tedavinin planlanmasında değil aynı zamanda toplum akıl sağlığı hizmetlerinin planlanmasında ve hizmetlerin etkinliğinin arttırılmasında önemli katkı sağlayacaktır.
  • Küçük Resim
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    The relationship between the changes in inflammatory parameters and response to treatment in major depression patients starting antidepressant treatment
    (2021) Uygur, Abdullah Burak; Çankaya, Şeyda
    Aim: Changes in inflammatory parameters such as cytokines, stress hormones and C reactive protein that occur in depression, are important in understanding the pathophysiology of depression and developing new treatment approaches. The main purpose of this study was to determine the changes in inflammatory markers in patients with major depression, before and after antidepressant treatment, as well as to determine the effect of antidepressant treatment types on these changes. Methods: This study was a single center, retrospective study. According to the retrospective records of the last five years in the psychiatry outpatient clinic of Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University Training and Research Hospital, the patients diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), started on single antidepressant treatment for the first time and who used antidepressant treatment for at least 6-8 weeks, were included in the study. Patients whose Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), complete blood count, C reactive protein and cortisol values were reached from the system during MDD treatment, constituted the sample of the study. Results: In the present study, after the antidepressant treatment, while HDRS scores decreased significantly in patients with Major Depression compared to before treatment (p<0,001), no significant correlation was found between the changes in inflammatory parameters and the response to treatment (p>0,05). This condition was independent of the type of antidepressant used in the treatment (p>0,05 in the SSRI treatment group, p>0,05 in the SNRI treatment group). In addition, it was observed that the decrease in depression scores was not associated with the type of antidepressant (p=0,001, in the SSRI treatment group, p=0,005, in the SNRI treatment group). Conclusion: Results to support the inflammatory hypothesis in Major Depressive Disorder were not conclusive in this study. Considering that the pathophysiology of depression is quite complex, it could be argued that a single group of blood tests may not be sufficient to explain the link between inflammation and depression. Considering all the limitations of the study, a future a prospective study to prove the inflammatory hypothesis in MDD, including the detailed blood, BOS tests, along with more comprehensive neuroimaging parameters on the brain pathways, might provide more effective results