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Öğe EXAMINING FRUIT DEMAND ELASTICITIES IN PAKISTAN(Sciendo, 2023) Iqbal, Sarah; Fayaz, Muhammad; Ullah, Irfan; Uçak, Harun; Shah, Syed Attaullah; Sayam, FarheenResearch background: Income and prices are important factors that determine and decide households consumption decisions and behavior. Purpose and research methodology: This paper aims to examine fruits’ demand elasticities in Pakistan by using the Linear Approximate Almost Ideal Demand System (LA/AIDS). For this purpose, data from the Household Integrated Economic Survey (HIES) 2018–2019 part of Pakistan Living Standard and Measurement is used for the selected fruits. Results: Marshallian, Hicksian, and expenditures elasticities were calculated through the estimated parameter from the Linear Approximate Almost Ideal demand system. The results show that all the estimated expenditure elasticities of the selected fruits for Pakistan are positive. The magnitude of expenditure elasticities for bananas, malta, apple, grapes, watermelon, plum, and almonds, is less than unity, and are thus categorized as normal food items. The estimated uncompensated own price demand elasticities for all fruits are less than unity (inelastic) for Pakistan and thus categorized as necessities. Based on the cross-price uncompensated demand elasticities eighteen fruits are reported as gross complements and three fruits are gross substitutes. Most of the fruits are categorized as neutral fruits having no cross-price effect on each other’s demand as their estimated elasticities are closer to zero. Only apples with grapes and almonds are found to be notable substitutes. As most of the price elasticities of fruits are inelastic, any change in their price would result in a massive increase in expenditure on these fruits. As a result, the government may adopt policies for the stabilization of fruit prices to meet the minimal daily food requirements of the lower segments of society. Novelty: This study is an attempt to estimate demand elasticities for individual fruit as very little research is available in the study area for individual commodities. © 2023 Sciendo. All rights reserved.Öğe Happiness and domain satisfaction in Turkey(Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, 2017) Köksal, Onur; Uçak, Harun; Şahin, FarukLiterature on the economics of happiness usually indicates that happiness depends on actual life circumstances (income, health, marital status and cetera). In contrast, a psychological view of happiness suggests that subjective satisfaction with actual life domains comes together to predict happiness. Little is known about the relation of happiness to the different life domains in developing countries. The present study explores the factors that shape individual happiness at a micro-level in Turkey, in terms of satisfaction with several life domains. Using the 2008-2012 Turkish life satisfaction survey (n = 36.362) this study adds to existing literature on happiness in developing countries in its focus on Turkey. The data reveal that among the satisfaction-related predictor variables, satisfaction with income, marriage, and health were the top three predictors of happiness in all years. Implications and suggestions for future studies are discussed.Öğe Land Resources and Agricultural Exports Nexus(Sciendo, 2023) Uçak, Harun; Çelik, Saliha; Kurt, HakanResearch background: As part of the process of structural transformation that countries go through in their development journey, the relative significance of agriculture as a sector typically shrinks over time. Nonetheless, the agricultural sector maintains its significance in terms of its trade potential and global employment prospects to this day. The extant literature largely neglects the impact of countries' land resources on agricultural trade by emphasizing agricultural farm size and land productivity nexus. This justifies the exploration of the causal nexus between countries' agricultural land resources and their agricultural exports. Purpose: The study herein aims at investigating the nexus between countries' total agricultural land resources and agricultural exports for 174 selected countries over the period 1991-2019. Research methodology: Dumitrescu and Hurlin's (2012) test for Granger non-causality for heterogeneous panels is harnessed. Results: Estimation results evidence the presence of bi-directional causality (feedback) between countries' agricultural land resources and agricultural exports not only in the whole panel (1991-2019) but also in subpanels too (1991-2000, 2001-2010, and 2011-2019). Overall, the results stress the strategic importance of agricultural land as a significant determinant of agricultural exports. Novelty: Our study takes a unique approach and investigates if there is a cause-and-effect relationship between a country's agricultural land resources and its agricultural exports by relying on the implications of the factor endowment theory of trade. © 2023 Harun Uçak et al., published by Sciendo.Öğe The impact of COVID-19 on volatility spillover between bitcoin and Turkish financial markets(IGI Global, 2022) Arı, Yakup; Yelgen, Esin; Uçak, HarunThe aim of this study is to examine the volatility spillover between bitcoin and Turkish financial markets for the pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 periods. Using GARCHbased volatility spillover indices, the authors find that BTC-USD was a volatility transmitter in the pre-COVID-19 period but has become the main volatility receiver in the COVID-19 period, and its net volatility transmission fell from 0.7% to -10.84%. Moreover, they concluded that the total spillover index increased from 12.49% to 15.25% indicates a low connectedness between the markets in both periods and the error variance in markets is on average 15.25% originated from other markets in the COVID-19 period. © 2021, IGI Global.Öğe The relationship between the growth in the health sector and inbound health tourism: the case of Turkey(Springer International Publishing Ag, 2016) Uçak, HarunOne of the consequences of globalisation for Turkey, as well as in other emerging countries, has been an increasing trend in health tourism. Households have been considered choice the best option in terms of price and alternative possibilities while they have been solved their health problems. Previous studies have argued that the main drivers of the growth of inbound health tourism to developing countries are lower costs, shorter waiting periods, and better quality of care. This study aimed to test the effect of health and social service sector growth on the flow of inbound health tourism between 2004:Q1 and 2015:Q4 by employing Granger causality and Johansen cointegration approaches. Our findings suggested that there is a long-run Granger causality from domestic health and social work expenditures to health tourism income whereas this is non-existence in the opposite direction.
