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    Common Food Additives Inhibit Carbonic Anhydrase Activity
    (Wiley, 2025) Karacelik, Ayca Aktas; Kucuk, Murat; Turkucar, Semra Alkan; Beydemir, Sukru
    Few studies about the effects of food additives on human enzymes exist. The effects of 20 food additives (12 colorants, 2 antioxidants, 3 sweeteners, 2 preservatives, and 1 acidity regulator) on bovine carbonic anhydrase (bCA) and especially human isoenzymes hCAI and hCAII isoenzyme, a highly vital enzyme, were studied for the first time. All the additives showed inhibition on human CA isoenzymes with IC50 values in 5-5998 mu M range. The higher inhibitions were detected in the colorants, Erythrosine B showing the highest inhibition (IC50(bCA): 11 mu M, IC50(hCAI): 19 mu M and IC50(hCAII): 5 mu M) at levels comparable with standard CA inhibitor sulfanilamide, while sweeteners showed low inhibition. BHT, a synthetic antioxidant, had higher inhibition compared to ascorbic acid. According to ADMET results, when the pharmacokinetic properties of the additives are considered, the only molecule with high gastrointestinal absorption is curcumin. The findings suggest that the health concerns caused by excessive consumption of foods containing additives may be related to CA inhibition. Food additive alternatives with no/lower CA inhibition should be sought for. Besides, Erythrosine B derivatives deserve investigation for new CA inhibitors.
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    Öğe
    Phytochemical Composition and Biological Activities of Angelica sylvestris L. var. stenoptera Ave-Lall ex Boiss.: An Endangered Medicinal Plant of Northeast Turkey
    (Wiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh, 2022) Karacelik, Ayca Aktas; Turkucar, Semra Alkan; Karakose, Mustafa
    Angelica sylvestris L. var. stenoptera Ave-Lall ex Boiss. (ASS) is an endangered endemic plant to Turkey. The objective of the study was to determine antioxidant activities, total phenolics, and phytochemical properties of methanolic extracts (MEs) and essential oil (EO) from ASS for the first time with the methods of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH center dot) radical scavenging activities, 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS(center dot+)), ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP), the Folin-Ciocalteu, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), respectively. The leaf extract of ASS was found to be the richest in phenolic content (543.91 +/- 6.33 GAE, mu g/mL) and showed the highest DPPH center dot and FRAP activities (IC50: 0.1140 +/- 0.0011 mg/mL, 675.62 +/- 15.01 mu M TEAC). EO of ASS root showed DPPH center dot and FRAP activities (IC50: 1.3248 +/- 0.0572 mg/mL, 346.67 +/- 12.75 mu M TEAC). 19 phenolics were detected in MEs of different parts of ASS by LC/MS/MS. In the chemical composition of ASS root EO by GC/MS, globulol (70.70%) was found to be the major compound. Our results indicate that ASS can be used a source of phytochemicals and antioxidants for conservation and sustainability of endangered plants.