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Öğe 2019-2021 Yılları Arasında Saptanan Viral Solunum Yolu Enfeksiyonu Etkenleri, COVID-19 ve Ko-Enfeksiyonlar(2023) Aydoğan, Sibel; Kırca, Füsun; Gozalan, Aysegul; Toyran, Alparslan; Başyiğit, Tuğcan; Omay, İpek; Dinc, BediaSolunum yolu enfeksiyonları, her yaşta önemli morbidite ve mortalite nedeni olup tüm dünyada çok önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunu olarak görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, pandemi öncesi bir yıllık dönemi de içine alan üç yıllık dönemde moleküler mikrobiyoloji laboratuvarında multipleks polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu [polymerase chain reaction (PCR)] testi ile çalışılan solunum yolu viral enfeksiyon etkenlerinin, viral koenfeksiyonların ve Koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 [Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)] ile birlikteliklerinin analizini yaparak pandeminin, etkenlerin epidemiyolojik ve mevsimsel özellikleri üzerine olan etkisinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Mart 2019-Aralık 2021 tarihleri arasında moleküler mikrobiyoloji laboratuvarına solunum yolları multipleks PCR test istemiyle kabul edilen 8825 solunum yolu örneği çalışmaya alınmıştır. Ayrıca solunum yolları multipleks PCR testiyle pozitif sonuç alınmış hastaların ± 3 gün içinde çalışılmış şiddetli akut solunum yolu sendromu koronavirüs-2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)] PCR testi sonuçları retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Solunum yolu viral patojenleri “FTD Respiratory Pathogens 21 kit (Fast Tract Diagnostics, Siemens Healthineers, Almanya)” ile çalışılarak tespit edilmiştir. SARS-CoV-2 RNA saptanması için farklı dönemlerde gerçek zamanlı revers transkriptaz PCR esaslı iki ayrı kit kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada elde edilen bulgulara göre, 8825 örneğin 2156 (%24.4)’sında en az bir viral etken ve bunların 1843 (%85.5)’ünde tek etken saptanmıştır. Tek etken saptanan örneklerdeki virüslerin dağılımı sıklık sırasına göre RV, RSV A/B, HCoVs, AdV, flu A virüsü, MPV A/B, PIV 1-4, flu B virüsü, EV, BoV ve PeV olarak belirlenmiştir. Etken saptanan 2156 hasta örneğinin 313 (%14.5) tanesinde çoklu etken bulunmuştur. Bunlar; 291 örnekte iki, 21 örnekte üç ve bir örnekte dört etken olarak görülmüştür. En sık saptanan kombinasyonlar AdV + RV, AdV + EV, EV + RV, RV + HCoVs, RSV A/B + RV olarak saptanmıştır. Solunum yolları multipleks PCR ile pozitif sonuç alınmış hastaların ± 3 gün içinde çalışılmış SARS-CoV-2 PCR test sonuçları retrospektif olarak değerlendirildiğinde, en az bir etken saptanmış 1277 örneğin 45 (%3.5)’inde SARS-CoV-2 RNA tespit edilmiştir. Bu hastaların dört tanesinde SARS-CoV-2 çoklu etkenlerle birlikte bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, pandemi döneminde tüm viral etkenlerin prevalansında keskin bir azalma görülmüştür. Bu duruma, COVID-19 enfeksiyonunun yanı sıra pandemi döneminde uygulanan kısıtlamaların da etkili olduğu düşünülmüştür.Öğe Epidemiology of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and syphilis co-infections in HIV-1 patients: a retrospective cross-sectional study of prevalence and viral load correlates(K Faisal Spec Hosp Res Centre, 2025) Aydogan, Sibel; Kirca, Fusun; Gozalan, Aysegul; Aslan, Ferhat Gurkan; Gurler, Merve; Toyran, Alparslan; Dinc, BediaBACKGROUND: Co-infections with hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and syphilis complicate the clinical management of people living with HIV by influencing disease progression, treatment response, and transmission risk. Despite the growing HIV burden in T & uuml;rkiye, data on the impact of these coinfections remain limited. OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of HBV, HCV, and syphilis coinfections in adults with HIV-1 and to examine their associations with demographics and HIV-1 viral load. DESIGN: Retrospective cross-sectional study SETTING: Single center, tertiary care hospital in T & uuml;rkiye PATIENTS AND METHODS: Adults diagnosed with HIV-1 between March 2019 and June 2024 at Ankara Bilkent City Hospital were included. Demographic information, HIV viral load measurements, and serological and molecular test results for HBV, HCV, and syphilis were retrieved from the institutional laboratory database. Coinfection status was assessed relative to age, gender, and HIV viral load. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence and distribution of HBV, HCV, and syphilis coinfections and their associations with demographic variables and HIV viral load. SAMPLE SIZE: 724 patients RESULTS: The study population was predominantly male (86%), with a median age of 40 years. Syphilis was the most common coinfection (25.6%), followed by HBV at 4.1% and HCV at 1.8%. Syphilis was significantly more prevalent among men (P=.001), and HBV coinfection was associated with older age (P=.005). No significant associations were observed between HIV viral load and any co-infection. Notably, a substantial proportion of patients, especially those newly diagnosed after 2019, had high HIV RNA levels, suggesting delayed diagnosis and treatment initiation. Triple coinfections were rare but remain clinically relevant. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of syphilis and delayed HIV diagnoses highlight the urgent need for improved screening protocols, timely initiation of antiretroviral therapy, and broader implementation of HBV vaccination programs. An integrated multisectoral approach is critical to address the overlapping clinical and public health burdens posed by these co-infections. Healthcare strategies must consider the impact of COVID-19-related service disruptions, which likely contributed to delays in diagnosis and treatment. LIMITATIONS: Lack of data on patients' behavioral risk factors and no follow-up on treatment outcomes for syphilisÖğe Viral Respiratory Tract Infection Agents Detected Between Years 2019-2021, COVID-19, and Co-Infections(Ankara Microbiology Soc, 2023) Aydogan, Sibel; Kirca, Fusun; Gozalan, Ayeguel; Toyran, Alparslan; Basyigit, Tugcan; Omay, Ipek; Dinc, BediaRespiratory tract infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality at all ages and are seen as a very important public health problem all over the world. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of the pandemic on the epidemiological and seasonal characteristics of the agents by analyzing the respiratory viral infection agents, viral co-infections and associations with Coronavirus diseases-2019 (COVID-19) studied by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test in the molecular microbiology laboratory in a three-year period, including the one-year period before the pandemic. Between March 2019 and December 2021, 8825 respiratory tract specimens accepted to the molecular microbiology laboratory with respiratory tract multiplex PCR test requests were included in the study. In addition, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) PCR test results of the patients with positive results with respiratory tract multiplex PCR test, which were studied within +/- 3 days, were evaluated retrospectively. Respiratory viral pathogens were detected using FTD Respiratory Pathogens 21 kit (Fast Tract Diagnos- tics, Siemens Healthineers Company). Two different kits based on real-time reverse transcription PCR were used for SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection in different periods. According to our results, at least one viral agent was detected in 2156 (24.4%) of a total of 8825 samples and a single agent was detected in 1843 (85.5%) of these. The distribution of viruses in the samples with a single agent was determined as RV, RSV A/B, HCoVs, AdV, flu A virus, MPV A/B, PIV 1-4, flu B virus, EV, BoV and PeV, in order of frequency. Multiple agents were found in 313 (14.5%) of these 2156 samples. They were found to be two agents in 291 samples, three in 21 samples and four in one sample. When the SARS-CoV-2 PCR test results of the patients who had positive results with respiratory tract multiplex PCR and who were studied within +/- 3 days were evaluated retrospectively, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 45 (3.5%) of 1277 samples in which at least one agent was detected. In four of these patients, SARS-CoV-2 was found together with multiple agents. Consequently, there was a sharp decrease in the prevalence of all viral agents during the pandemic period. It was evaluated that besides the COVID-19 infection, the restrictions applied during the pandemic period were also effective in this situation.
