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Öğe Correlation of some anatomical angles of the shoulder with rotator cuff syndrome(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2023) Candan, Busra; Torun, Ebru; Dikici, Rumeysa; Avnioglu, Seda; Gunal, Mehmet YalcinBackground: Shoulder movement occurs through the coordinated work of muscles, tendons, ligaments, and bones, primarily that affect the glenohumeral joint. Some distances and the angles between the bones forming this joint are important in shoulder pathologies. In this study, we aimed to determine the evaluation of nine different radiological parameters related to acromion and humerus in rotator cuff syndrome and control group patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 400 patients' routine clinic radiographs were retrospectively assessed, which have rotator cuff syndrome (n = 210), and control group (n = 190). We measured the critical shoulder angle (CSA), distance of glenoid-acromion (GA), distance of glenoid-humeral head (GH), acromial index, lateral acromial angle (LAA), total shoulder arthroplasty angle (TSA), reverse shoulder arthroplasty angle (RSA), Point T represents the superior border of the glenoid cavity, Point S represents the inferior border of the glenoid cavity, point R represents the intersection of the supraspinatus fossa line with the glenoid surface. RST angle, and greater tuberosity angle (GTA) angle. We determined the type of acromion. Results: We determined that the GH, TSA, RST, and GTA were significantly different between rotator cuff syndrome and control group patients. When we evaluated the acromion type, Type 2 was the most common type. Different from the literature, when we evaluated the relationship between acromion types and angles, we determined that LAA, GA, and TSA parameters were significantly different between acromion types. Conclusions: In this study, we determined the importance of measurements and angles in rotator cuff syndrome. We think that the relationship between acromion types and parameters can contribute to the literature. Moreover, we believe that our study will contribute to the literature in terms of gathering many angles that are important in shoulder pathologies in a single study.Öğe Could Some Measurements of the Scapula be Related to Rotator Cuff Syndrome?(2022) Candan, Büşra; Torun, EbruBackground: The scapula plays a unique role in shoulder movement and stability. The dimensions of the scapula and its geometry, however, are of essential importance in the pathomechanics of rotator cuff syndrome, total shoulder arthroplasty, and recurrent shoulder dislocation. The aim of this study is to determine the scapula morphology and to investigate with the relationship between rotator cuff syndrome. Materials and Methods: This study was a retrospective, observational study, and a total of 232 radiographs, 125 of which were male and 107 were female, were analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups as follows: Patients with rotator cuff syndrome (116 patients) and patients with no history of shoulder problems (116 patients). 9 different parameters were measured: The maximum scapular length, the maximum scapular width, the scapular index, the maximum glenoid cavity length, the maximum glenoid cavity width, the glenoid cavity index, the length of acromion, the distances between the acromion and coracoid process and length of the spina scapula. Results: The maximum scapular length, the maximum glenoid cavity length (p=0.009) and the length of spina scapula (p=0.041) were significantly different between the rotator cuff and control groups in evaluating parameters. All parameters were significantly different between male and female patients (p<0.05). Conclusion: A detailed knowledge of scapular anatomy is essential for successful total shoulder arthroplasty or surgical treatment of disorders related to scapula and shoulder. We think that the measurements of acromion, glenoid and scapula sizes obtained from our study will help surgeons to better understand shoulder morphology and to decide on the appropriate glenoid component size for shoulder arthroplasty. The fact that the lengths of the scapula, glenoid cavity and spina scapula are significantly different in rotator cuff syndrome suggests that scapula morphology may be effective in rotator cuff syndrome.Öğe DIFFERENCES OF RIB FRACTURES IN BLUNT TRAUMA PATIENTS ACCORDING TO AGE AND GENDER: A COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY STUDY(2023) Torun, Ebru; Yüksel, YavuzObjective To investigate the difference between rib fractures according to age and sex in blunt trauma patients. Material and Method The patients were classified into 3 age groups: Group-1:18-44 years, Group-2:45-69 years, and Group-3:70 years or more. Rib fractures were classified into 3 groups based on their level on the coronal plane (upper (1st-4th ribs), medium (5th- 8th ribs) and lower (9th-12th ribs)) and axial plane (anterior, lateral and posterior). Results Rib fractures were found to be more common in male (69%) to female (53%) (p=0.002). The incidence of fractures was seen to increase with age (p=0.001; r=615). Rib fractures were most commonly found in the middle ribs (5th-8th ribs) in all-age-groups. The incidence of fractures in the upper ribs was significantly lower in the advanced age than the other age groups (p=0.002). Fractures were least commonly found in the anterior part of the rib in all age groups. Rib fractures were observed at a higher rate in the lateral part in young adults unlike the other age groups (p=0.001). A significant difference was found between the age groups in favor of young adults (group 1) in terms of the presence of parenchymal contusion without rib fracture (p=0.014). Conclusion Rib fracture was seen at a higher rate in male than female in blunt thoracic trauma patients. Fractures possibility of in the upper rib structures is lower in the advanced age group. Unlike other groups, in young people, a higher rate of fractures was detected in the lateral part of the costa. One should be aware of the possibility of parenchymal contusion without a rib fracture in the young age group.Öğe Estimating the adequacy of the free quadriceps tendon autograft length using anthropometric measures in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction(Springer, 2022) Yuksel, Yavuz; Kose, Ozkan; Torun, Ebru; Ergun, Tarkan; Yardibi, Fatma; Sarikcioglu, LeventObjective This prospective study aimed to predict the adequacy of free quadriceps tendon (QT) autograft length using simple anthropometric measures. Materials and methods One hundred and eighty-four consecutive patients who underwent knee high-resolution MRI were enrolled in this study. The QT and native anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) length were measured using the oblique sagittal section. The adequate free QT length was calculated using the native ACL length and 30 mm for femoral and tibial tunnels in each patient. A QT shorter than the calculated length was considered inadequate. Age, sex, height, weight, body mass index, thigh circumference, and activity score were used to predict the adequacy of QT length with regression analysis. Results There were 92 men and 92 women with a mean age of 34.1 +/- 8.0 years (range 18-45). The mean QT and ACL lengths were 69.0 +/- 8.8 mm (range 48.1-90.3 mm) and 35.6 +/- 2.5 mm (range 29.2-42.6 mm), respectively. The QT and the ACL lengths were longer in men (p < 0.001 for both). Twenty-three men and 39 women (total: 62, 33.7%) had inadequate QT length for a free QT autograft, and 6 patients (3 males, 3 females, 3.3%) had inadequate QT length with the bone block technique. There was a weak positive correlation between QT length and height (p < 0.001), weight (p < 0.001), and activity score (p = 0.007). Height was the only independent variable that predicted the QT length adequacy (r(2) = 0.051, p = 0.009) but ROC analysis showed that height did not have an ability to detect a subject with an inadequate QT length (AUC: 0.384, 95% CI 0.300-0.468). Conclusions Free QT autografts may be inadequate in one-third of the patients, while a QT autograft with a bone block is almost always sufficient. Inadequate free QT autograft is more common in women. Although QT length correlated with height, it cannot be used as an accurate diagnostic tool to identify patients with an inadequate QT autograft. Preoperative measurement of the ACL and QT lengths by MRI might be beneficial to decide whether QT is usable, especially when harvesting without a bone block.Öğe Evaluation of lesions requesting biopsy according to imaging findings in breast cancer patients who have undergone breast-conserving surgery(MediHealth Academy Yayıncılık, 2024) Torun, Ebru; Arda, Kemal; Coşar, Zehra SumruAims: In patients undergoing breast-conserving surgery (BCS), the traditional follow-up imaging methods of the breast are mammography and ultrasonography. However, after BCS and radiotherapy, it becomes more difficult with imaging methods to detect the presence of recurrence or secondary focus due to the change of normal breast structure in patients. In this study, we aimed to investigate the sensitivity, specificity and malignancy prediction values of imaging methods in the follow-up of patients who underwent BCS. Methods: 421 patients diagnosed with breast cancer who underwent BCS were retrospectively analyzed. 63 patients with histopathology results, which were categorized as BI-RADS 4 or 5 according to imaging findings in their follow-up after BCS, were included in the study. The age of diagnosis, time taken for biopsy and mammography, ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging findings were recorded. Patients were divided into 2 groups (benign and malignant) according to the results of biopsy. According to the pathology results, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and diagnostic accuracy levels of radiological imaging findings were calculated. The significance of the difference between pathology groups in terms of mean age of diagnosis and biopsy time was evaluated by Mann-Whitney U test. Categorical variables were assessed by Yates test or Fisher's exact test. Results: Of the 63 patients, 49 (77.7%) were benign and 14 (23.3%) were malignant. There was a significant difference between the two groups in mass finding on mammography and posterior acoustic shadowing on US (p=0.011, p=0.049, respectively). Conclusion: MRI is the most sensitive imaging method in post-BCS follow-up and mammography is the most specificity imaging method. The finding with the highest positive predictive value for malignancy detection is the presence of mass on mammography and posterior acoustic shadow on ultrasonography.Öğe In Vivo Morphology of the Sternum with Emphasis on the Frequency of Sternal Foramen(Springernature, 2025) Karagulle, Mehmet; Candan, Busra; Torun, Ebru; Hizay, Arzu; Keles-Celik, NigarObjectiveTo determine the incidence and morphology of the foramen in the sternum and to investigate the connection between the foramen and the types of xiphoid process terminations. Materials and MethodsA total of 1600 subjects over the age of 18 were evaluated retrospectively with three-dimensional bone configuration from computed tomography. The localization, morphology of the sternal foramen, and types of xiphoid process terminations were investigated. ResultsA sternal foramen was found in 127 subjects, with 74 (58.3%) located in the corpus and 53 (41.7%) in the xiphoid process. The xiphoid process termination types were as follows: single in 87 subjects (68.5%), double-ended in 34 subjects (26.8%), and triple-ended in 6 subjects (4.7%). No statistically significant correlation was found between xiphoid process termination type and foramen localization (p = 0.92, p > 0.05). ConclusionThe sternal foramen is of clinical important due to the important vital structures such as pericardium and pleura located posteriorly. Due to the high incidence of the sternal foramen and its morphologically large area, preliminary screening must be performed before clinical applications to the region. In addition, the sternal foramen is an important embryological variation that should be taken into consideration in terms of forensic medicine research and medical education.Öğe Investigation of the Relationship Between foot Deformities and Radiographic Measurements of the Talus and Calcaneus(2022) Candan, Büşra; Torun, Ebru; Dikici, RumeysaThe weight of the body is transmitted to the foot through the subtalar joint and talus. Considering the important location of the talus and calcaneus, the morphological structures of these bones may affect the biomechanics of the subtalar joint. At the same time, the morphological structure of these bones is important in some common foot deformities. We aimed to investigate whether the various measurements of the talus and calcaneus are associated with different foot deformities in this study. In this study, radiography images of 158 (72 male and 86 female) patients within the mean age of 44 years were retrospectively examined. Eleven different measurements of the talus and calcaneus were obtained from the lateral and antero-posterior radiographs of the patients. A total of 158 patient's routine clinic radiographs were retrospectively assessed, which have calcaneal spur (n=63), hallux valgus (n=32) and control group (n=63). We determined that the body height of the calcaneus, maximum width of the head of the talus, minimum anterior width of the calcaneus were significantly different between calcaneal spur group and control group. Maximum length fibular malleolar facet of the talus was significantly different between age groups. And we determined that the calcaneal index was significantly different between hallux valgus group and control groups. Also all measurements were significantly different between males and females. As a result, some measurements that significantly determine the morphology of the talus and calcaneus were found to be significant between deformity groups and control groups. We think that our study will contribute to the literature as it is the first study in which the measurements obtained from the radiographic images of the talus and calcaneus are associated with foot deformities.Öğe Morphometric evaluation of cerebellar lobules in individuals with unilateral vertebral artery hypoplasia(Springer France, 2023) Ozen, Ozkan; Yuksel, Yavuz; Torun, Ebru; Ergun, TarkanPurpose Vertebral arteries (VAs) provide blood circulation to the posterior fossa in general and are the main blood supply of the posterior fossa structures of the brain. Our aim in this study is to analyze the segmental volumetric values of cerebellar structures with the voxel-based volumetric analysis system in individuals with unilateral vertebral artery hypoplasia. Methods In this retrospective study, segmental volumetric values/percentile ratios of cerebellar lobules were calculated using 3D fast spoiled gradient recall acquisition in steady-state (3D T1 FSPGR) MRI sequence images of the brain in individuals with unilateral vertebral artery hypoplasia (VAH) and in those without bilateral VAH and any symptoms of vertebrobasilar insufficiency as the control group was evaluated in volBrain. Results The VAH group consisted of 50 (19 males/31 females) and the control group had 50 (21 males/29 females) individuals. The cerebellar lobule III, IV, VIIIA and X total volumes and the cerebellar lobule I-II, III, IV, VIIIA and X gray matter volumes were lower in the hypoplastic side than the non-hypoplastic cases and also than the contralateral side of the hypoplastic cases in the VAH group. In addition, it was found that that lobules IV and V had lower cortical thickness and lobules I-II had a higher coverage rate in the intracranial cavity in the hypoplastic side than the non-hypoplastic cases and also than the contralateral side of the hypoplastic cases (p < 0.05). Conclusion In this study, it was found that cerebellar lobule III, IV, VIIIA, X total volumes and cerebellar lobule I-II, III, IV, VIIIA, X gray matter volumes in addition to lobule IV, V cortical thicknesses were low in individuals with unilateral VAH. Being aware of these variations and taking them into account during future volumetric studies on the cerebellum are very important.Öğe Mortality predictors in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in the emergency department: ECG, laboratory and CT(2021) Kunt, Aslı Türkay; Kozacı, Nalan; Torun, EbruBackground and Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate parameters that can be used to predict mortality in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in the emergency department (ED). Materials and Methods: Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in the ED were included in this prospective study. The patients were divided into two groups. The surviving patients were included in Group 1 (survivors), and the patients who died were included in Group 2 (non-survivors). The electrocardiogram (ECG), laboratory results and chest computerized tomography (CCT) findings of the two groups were compared. The CCT images were classified according to the findings as normal, mild, moderate and severe. Results: Of the 419 patients included in the study, 347 (83%) survived (survivor) and 72 (17%) died (non-survivor). The heart rate and respiratory rate were found to be higher, and the peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO(2)) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were found to be lower in the non-survivor patients. QRS and corrected QT interval (QTc) were measured as longer in the non-survivor patients. In the CCT images, 79.2% of the non-survivor patients had severe findings, while 11.5% of the survivor patients had severe findings. WBC, neutrophil, NLR, lactate, D-dimer, fibrinogen, C- Reactive Protein (CRP), urea, creatinine, creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and hs-Troponin I levels were found to be higher and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2), base excess (BE), bicarbonate (HCO3), lymphocyte eosinophil levels were found to be lower in non-survivor patients. The highest AUC was calculated at the SpO(2) level and the eosinophil level. Conclusions: COVID-19 is a fatal disease whose mortality risk can be estimated when the clinical, laboratory and imaging studies of the patients are evaluated together in the ED. SpO(2) that is measured before starting oxygen therapy, the eosinophil levels and the CT findings are all important predictors of mortality risk.Öğe Perforation of terminal ileum by a toothpick(Ma Healthcare Ltd, 2020) Özen, Özkan; Torun, Ebru; Yüksel, Yavuz; Ergün, Tarkan; Başaran, Ismail[No abstract available]Öğe Recurrent stump appendicitis(W.B. Saunders, 2020) Yüksel, Yavuz; Ergün, Tarkan; Torun, Ebru; Özen, ÖzkanAcute appendicitis is one of the most common reasons for abdominal surgery. Stump appendicitis, one of the rare complications of appendicitis surgery, is an inflammation that develops in the remaining part of the appendix following surgery and occurs at a rate of 1/50.000 in cases with appendectomy. Although patients manifest the same findings as those with acute appendicitis on physical examination and laboratory tests, the history of previous appendectomy may cause delays in diagnosis. Complications such as perforation and peritonitis can develop if an early diagnosis cannot be made. In this article, we present the first case of recurrent stump appendicitis reported in the literature as far as we are aware. © 2020 Elsevier Inc.Öğe Relationship between cervical posterior subcutaneous fat tissue thickness and the presence and degree of cervical intervertebral disc degeneration(2022) Yüksel, Yavuz; Ergün, Tarkan; Torun, EbruObjective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between cervical region subcutaneous fat tissue thickness and the presence and level of cervical intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging examinations of patients referred to our clinic for the investigation of neck pain were evaluated retrospectively. A total of 300 women aged 30–40 years were included in the study. The presence and level of IVDD were evaluated for each patient. The cervical subcutaneous fat tissue thickness was also measured. Results: IVDD was determined as Grade 1 for 88 patients (29.3%), Grade 2 for 56 patients (18.6%), Grade 3 for 82 patients (27.3%), Grade 4 for 60 patients (20%), and Grade 5 for 14 patients (4.6%). Subcutaneous fat tissue thickness was higher in patients with cervical disc degeneration (mean: 6.28±0.19mm) than in those without cervical disc degeneration (mean: 5.33±0.18mm) (P = .001). There was a positive correlation between the degree of cervical disc degeneration and subcutaneous fat tissue thickness ( = 0.001, r = 0.245). Conclusion: An increase in the cervical fat tissue thickness is a predisposing factor for the development of degeneration of the intervertebral disc. There is a close relationship between subcutaneous fat tissue thickness and the degree of degeneration. Abbreviations: BMI = body mass index, IL-1 = interleukin-1, IVDD = intervertebral disc degeneration, MRI = magnetic resonance imaging, TNF = tumor necrosis factor, WI = weighted images.Öğe The Prevalence of Accessory Ossicles, Sesamoid Bones, and Biphalangism of the Foot and Ankle: A Radiographic Study(2022) Candan, Büşra; Torun, Ebru; Dikici, RümeysaBackground: Accessory ossicles, sesamoid bones, and biphalangism of toes are the most common developmental variations of the foot. These bones may be associated with painful syndromes; however, their clinical importance is not well understood because the reported prevalence varies widely. Therefore, we aimed to investigate these variants in Turkish subjects. Methods: A total of 1651 foot radiographs were retrospectively assessed. Radiographs of feet were examined regarding the prevalence, sex, and bilaterality of accessory ossicles, sesamoid bones, and biphalangism in Turkish subjects. Results: Accessory ossicles (26.1%) and sesamoid bones (8%) were detected. The most common accessory ossicles were os trigonum (9.8%), accessory navicular bone (7.9%), and os peroneum (5.8%). Also, we detected os supratalare (0.48%), os calcanei secundarium (0.42%) os subfibulare (0.42%), os supranaviculare (0.36%), os vesalianum (0.30%), os subtibiale (0.24%), os intermetatarseum (0.12%), and os subcalcis (0.12%). We observed bipartite hallux sesamoid in 1.8% and interphalangeal sesamoid bone of the hallux in 0.7% of radiographs. Incidences of metatarsophalangeal sesamoid bones were found as 0.6%, 0.06%, 0.6%, and 5.8% in the second, third, fourth, and fifth digit, respectively. We observed biphalangeal toe in 0.5%, 1.7%, 3.5%, and 37.6% in the second, third, fourth, and fifth toe, respectively. Conclusion: This study is the first detailed report on the incidence of the most common variants of the foot and ankle in a wide-ranging patients' series in Turkish subjects. Our study's findings will contribute to reducing misdiagnosis. Clinical relevance: The results of this study may provide anatomical data that could help clinicians in the diagnosis and management of disorders that present with pain and discomfort in the feet. Knowledge of these variants is important to prevent misinterpreting them as fractures.Öğe The Prevalence of Accessory Ossicles, Sesamoid Bones, and Biphalangism of the Foot and Ankle: A Radiographic Study Open Access(2022) Candan, Büşra; Torun, Ebru; Dikici, RumeysaAbstract Background: Accessory ossicles, sesamoid bones, and biphalangism of toes are the most common developmental variations of the foot. These bones may be associated with painful syndromes; however, their clinical importance is not well understood because the reported prevalence varies widely. Therefore, we aimed to investigate these variants in Turkish subjects. Methods: A total of 1651 foot radiographs were retrospectively assessed. Radiographs of feet were examined regarding the prevalence, sex, and bilaterality of accessory ossicles, sesamoid bones, and biphalangism in Turkish subjects. Results: Accessory ossicles (26.1%) and sesamoid bones (8%) were detected. The most common accessory ossicles were os trigonum (9.8%), accessory navicular bone (7.9%), and os peroneum (5.8%). Also, we detected os supratalare (0.48%), os calcanei secundarium (0.42%) os subfibulare (0.42%), os supranaviculare (0.36%), os vesalianum (0.30%), os subtibiale (0.24%), os intermetatarseum (0.12%), and os subcalcis (0.12%). We observed bipartite hallux sesamoid in 1.8% and interphalangeal sesamoid bone of the hallux in 0.7% of radiographs. Incidences of metatarsophalangeal sesamoid bones were found as 0.6%, 0.06%, 0.6%, and 5.8% in the second, third, fourth, and fifth digit, respectively. We observed biphalangeal toe in 0.5%, 1.7%, 3.5%, and 37.6% in the second, third, fourth, and fifth toe, respectively. Conclusion: This study is the first detailed report on the incidence of the most common variants of the foot and ankle in a wide-ranging patients’ series in Turkish subjects. Our study’s findings will contribute to reducing misdiagnosis. Clinical Relevance: The results of this study may provide anatomical data that could help clinicians in the diagnosis and management of disorders that present with pain and discomfort in the feet. Knowledge of these variants is important to prevent misinterpreting them as fractures.Öğe The Relationship Between Craniocervical Morphology and the Presence and Level of Cervical Facet Joint Degeneration(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2025) Torun, Ebru; Yuksel, YavuzObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between craniocervical morphology and the presence and level of cervical facet joint degeneration (FJD).MethodsA total of 108 consecutive female patients aged 45-55 years who had undergone neck + brain CT angiography were included in this retrospective sectional study. Only patients of a certain age and of the same gender were included in order to eliminate the differences that create a disposition to the development of spinal degeneration. The presence of facet joint (FJ) arthritis (grade >= 2 degeneration in at least one affected facet joint) and the grade of the facet joint degeneration for each patient were recorded. A total of 20 lengths and 3 angles of craniocervical morphology were measured. The differences between the individuals with and without FJ arthritis were investigated with the independent-sample t test, and the relationship between the FJD grade and craniocervical morphology was investigated using the Spearman correlation test.ResultsIndividuals with FJ arthritis were found to have longer Grabb-Oakes measurement, shorter FM AP length, lower ADI, lower EOP thickness, higher clivus length, higher crista gall-ATS distance, lower CCA angle, lower distance between the C1 vertebra lateral masses, and higher BAI than those without FJ arthritis (P < 0.05). Besides, we found that the FJD grade increased as the Grabb-Oakes measurement increased, ADI distance decreased, FM AP length decreased, EOP thickness decreased, clivus length increased, basal angle increased, distance between the C1 vertebra lateral masses decreased, and BAI increased (P < 0.05).ConclusionsDifferences in craniocervical morphology are statistically associated with degenerative processes that result in degenerative changes in the facet joint. Therefore, some morphological changes in craniocervical anatomy cause changes in the momentum and distribution of the load on the facet joints, predisposing the patient to facet arthropathy and osteoarthritis.Öğe The relationship between quadriceps fat pad syndrome and patellofemoral morphology: a case-control study(2021) Yüksel, Yavuz; Ergün, Tarkan; Torun, Ebru; Ünal, Melih; Sonnow, Lena; Köse, ÖzkanBackground The purpose of this prospective case-control study is to investigate the relationship between quadriceps fat pad syndrome (QFPS) and patellofemoral morphology. Materials and methods Twenty-two patients with QFPS and 22 age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers were included. The diagnosis of QFPS was supported both clinically and radiologically. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), patellofemoral morphology was evaluated with 13 radiological measurements including trochlear sulcus angle, trochlear sulcus depth, trochlear facet asymmetry, trochlear condyle asymmetry, lateral trochlear inclination angle, patellar translation, tibial tubercle-trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance, Insall-Salvati ratio, patellotrochlear index, patellar tilt, the ratio between lateral and medial facet lengths, interfacet angle, and quadriceps tendon thickness. The mean of measurements was compared between groups using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results There were 22 patients (12 male, 10 female) with mean age of 30.81 +/- 1.41 (range 19-38) years in group I and 22 patients (12 male, 10 female) with mean age of 31.13 +/- 1.31 (range 19-39) years in group II. The mean age and the gender distribution were statistically similar between groups (p = 0.845, p = 1, respectively). All measured values except for patellar tilt (p = 0.038) and TT-TG distance (p = 0.004) were similar (p > 0.05 for the other variables). However, all of the measured variables were within the normal range. Conclusions QFPS may not be associated with anatomical variations of the patellofemoral joint. Further studies are required to understand the etiology and risk factors.Öğe The relationship between the flexor and extensor muscle areas and the presence and degree of intervertebral disc degeneration in the cervical region(2022) Yüksel, Yavuz; Ergün, Hakan; Torun, EbruBackground: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the presence and degree of cervical intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) and the cervical region muscle areas. Methods: The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination of the patients who were sent to our clinic for investigation of neck pain between 2019 and 2020 years were evaluated retrospectively. 143 Turkish women patients between 30 and 40 ages were examined in the study. The presence and degree of IVDD was evaluated for each patient. The areas of the cervical flexor and extensor paravertebral muscles were measured. Results: No cervical disc degeneration was present in 44 (30.76%) patients (grade 1). The cervical intervertebral disc degeneration was grade 2 in 28 (19.58%), grade-3 in 41 (28.67%), and grade 4 in 30 (20.97%) patients. In early stage degeneration (grade 2), an increase was observed in the area of all cervical paravertebral flexor and extensor muscles examined. As the degree of degeneration increased (grades 3 and 4), a decrease was observed in the areas of all muscles. Statistical significance was found for musculus (m) sternocleidomastoideus, m. levator scapulae, m. splenius capitis, m. semispinalis capitis, and m. multifidus muscles (P=.009, r=-0.261; P=.014, r=-0.248; P=.008, r=-0.267; P=.002, r=-0.307; P=.028, r=-0.222, respectively). Conclusions: IVDD is common in middle-aged females with neck pain. An increase in muscles areas is observed in the early stages of cervical disc degeneration but progressive decrease develops in all cervical paraspinal muscles areas as the degree of disc degeneration increases.Öğe The Relationship Between the Morphology of the Shoulder Joint and Supraspinatus Tendinosis: An MRI Study(2023) Yüksel, Yavuz; Torun, EbruObjective: To examine the relationship between the morphological parameters of the shoulder joint and supraspinatus tendinosis. Methods: A patient group (n=44) was formed from patients diagnosed with supraspinatus tendinosis from medical records and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. A control group (n=44) was formed by randomly selecting people of similar age and gender to the patient group, who met the exclusion criteria for the patient group, and had normal rotator cuffs on MRI. Coracoacromial ligament thickness (CLT), acromial angle [(AA), delta angle], acromioglenoid angle (AGA), supraspinatus fossa (SFA) glenoid angle on the axial (SGAX) views, SFA glenoid angle on the anterior-posterior (SGAP) views, acromiohumeral distance (AHD), and coracoacromial arch angle (CAA) were measured on MRI images in both groups. Morphological differences between groups were compared using Student’s t-test. Results: Patient group had statistically significant higher CLT and lower AHD values (0.73±0.33 mm and 6.55±0.97 mm, respectively; p=0.007) than control group (1.02±0.53 mm and 7.45±1.61 mm, respectively; p=0.006). Also, there were statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of acromial angle (3.09±5.04° for patient group and 7.9±8.1° for control group; p=0.006). However, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups for AGA, SGAX, SGAP, and CAA (p>0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that CLT, AA, and AHD are important predisposing anatomical factors for developing supraspinatus tendinosis.
