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    Biomechanical Evaluation of the Osseointegration Levels of Implants Placed Simultaneously With Tibia, Femur, and Jaw Allogeneic Bone Grafts
    (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2025) Ozcan, Erhan Cahit; Sokmen, Kevser; Karasu, Necmettin; Bal, Ali; Tanrisever, Murat; Istek, Ozmen; Kirtay, Mustafa
    In implant-supported prosthetic treatments, the jaw bones may not always have enough bone to accommodate implants. Allogeneic grafts can also be preferred as an alternative to autogenous grafts in cases of vertical and horizontal bone deficiencies. The aim of this study is to evaluate the osseointegration levels of lathe-faced titanium implants placed together with allogeneic bone tissue transplants obtained from tibia, femur, and mandible bones using a biomechanical method. Twenty-eight female Sprague Dawley rats were included in the study. The subjects were divided into groups where bone transplantations were performed together with implant placement from the tibia (n=7), femur (n=7), and lower jaw (n=7) regions. Four rats (left and right) were used as donors. Grafts, along with implants, were surgically placed in the corticocancellous part of the metaphyseal parts of the tibia bones of rats. At the end of the 2-week experimental setup, all rats were killed, and the implants and surrounding bone tissues were subjected to biomechanical reverse torque analysis (N/cm), no statistical difference was detected in terms of bone-implant fusion between the groups in which the femur and tibia bones were transplanted (P>0.05), while the bone-implant fusion value in the group in which the lower jaw bone was transplanted was found to be statistically higher than the femur and tibia bones (P<0.05). Based on the limited results of this study, it can be thought that the lower jaw allogeneic jawbone has a higher osseointegration potential than allogeneic grafts obtained from the femur and tibia.
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    Changes in Gingival Crevicular Fluid Endocan (ESM-1) Levels as a Potential Biomarker After Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment in Periodontitis Patients
    (Mdpi, 2025) Karci, Bilge; Sokmen, Kevser
    Background: This study aimed to investigate endocan (ESM-1) levels in periodontitis patients before and after non-surgical periodontal treatment by analyzing the relationship between vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Methods: This study included 26 periodontally healthy people as controls (Group 1) and 27 patients with Stage III-Grade B periodontitis (Group 2). Demographic and periodontal variables were assessed. GCF samples were collected from every subject both before and 6 weeks following non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT). Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent test, biomarker levels were determined. Results: The periodontitis patients showed higher ESM-1 levels than the controls, although the difference was not significant (p > 0.005). The ESM-1 levels decreased significantly after treatment (p = 0.001). The VEGF-A levels did not differ significantly between the periodontitis patients and controls (p > 0.005) and decreased non-significantly following treatment (p > 0.005). The TNF-alpha levels were significantly higher in the periodontitis patients than the controls (p = 0.000) and decreased significantly after treatment (p = 0.000). A significant correlation was found between TNF-alpha and both probing depth (PD) and interproximal clinical attachment level (iCAL) in the control group (p < 0.05). In the periodontitis group, the VEGF levels were significantly correlated with the gingival index (GI) (p < 0.05). Significant correlations were identified between ESM-1 and VEGF-A and ESM-1 and TNF-alpha, as well as VEGF-A and TNF-alpha, in both the control group and following treatment (p < 0.05). Conclusions: ESM-1 and TNF-alpha levels decreased with non-surgical periodontal treatment in GCF. Within the limits of the study, the findings suggest that ESM-1 levels in periodontal tissues may be an indicator of periodontal disease.
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    Effect of botulinum toxin-A injection applied to the mentalis muscle on free gingival graft operation: A retrospective study
    (Wiley, 2024) Sokmen, Kevser; Yildirim, Tuba Talo; Dundar, Serkan
    Objective: The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the effects of Botulinum Toxin-A (BTX-A) injection into the mentalis muscle on the free gingival graft (FGG). Materials and Methods: Forty patients with keratinized gingiva insufficiency and Cairo's RT 2 gingival recession (formerly classified as Miller class III) in their mandibular central incisors were randomly divided into two groups: FGG and FGG + BTX. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), keratinized gingiva width (KGW), attached gingiva width (AGW), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival thickness (GT), gingival recession amount (GRA), gingival recession width (GRW), and root closure percentage (RCP%) parameters were measured at baseline and at first, third, and sixth months after the operation. Results: There was no difference in PI, GI, and PPD levels in both groups (p > 0.05). While the change in GT and RCP% levels were found to be statistically significantly higher at FGG + BTX group than FGG group, the change in GRW and CAL levels were statistically significantly lower (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that BTX-A injection applied to the mentalis muscle after FGG operation may have positive effects in terms of KGW, AGW, GT, RCP%, GRW, and CAL parameters. Clinical Significance: As a result of the fact that BTX-A injection into the mentalis muscle contributed to the nutrition and immobility of FGG, positive developments were obtained in terms of clinical periodontal parameters. BTX-A injection into the mentalis muscle may be an alternative method that increases the success rate of Cairo's RT 2 gingival recession.
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    Effect of Different Administered Doses of Capsaicin and Titanium Implant Osseointegration
    (Mdpi, 2024) Bingul, Muhammet Bahattin; Gul, Mehmet; Dundar, Serkan; Sokmen, Kevser; Artas, Goekhan; Polat, Mehmet Emrah; Tanrisever, Murat
    Background and Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the histological and biochemical effects of capsaicin on implant osseointegration and oxidative stress. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar albino rats weighing between 250 and 300 g were used in this study. Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into three equal groups: implant + control (n = 8), implant + capsaicin-1 (n = 8), and implant + capsaicin-2 (n = 8). Additionally, 2.5 mm diameter and 4 mm length titanium implants were surgically integrated into the corticocancellous bone parts of the femurs. In the treatment groups, rats were injected intraperitoneally with 25 mg/kg (implant + capsaicin-1) and 50 mg/kg (implant + capsaicin-2) of capsaicin. No additional applications were made in the control group. Three rats in total died during and after the experiment as a result of the analyses performed on 21 animals. Results: The highest total antioxidant status value was found in capsaicin dose 2, according to the analysis. The control group had the highest total oxidant status and oxidative stress index values, while group 2 of capsaicin had the lowest. After analysis, we found that there was no observed positive effect on osteointegration in this study (p > 0.05), although the bone implant connection was higher in the groups treated with capsaicin. Conclusions: A positive effect on osteointegration was not observed in this study. This may be due to osteoclast activation. However, it was found that it has a positive effect on oxidative stress. Osteoclast activation may be the cause of this phenomenon. Capsaicin was found to have a positive effect on oxidative stress (p < 0.05). It was also observed to have a positive effect on oxidative stress.
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    Effect of the Relationship of Maxillary Posterior Tooth Roots with the Maxillary Sinus on Sinus Lateral Wall Thickness: A Retrospective Cone Beam Computed Tomography Study
    (Selcuk University, 2025) Sokmen, Kevser; Karci, Bilge
    Background: This study aimed to retrospectively analyze the influence of the upper posterior teeth roots' interaction with the maxillary sinus (MS) on sinus lateral wall thickness (SLWT) as observed in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 234 MS cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images from 117 patients. Tooth roots were examined in 4 groups (Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, Type 4) according to their relationship with MS. SLWT was evaluated at a distance of 5 mm from the sinus floor. Results: In the 2nd premolar (P2), 1st molar (M1), 2nd molar (M2) tooth alignment; no statistically significant difference was found between women and men in terms of SLDK (p>0.05). Only in the M1 tooth alignment; SLWT of the 60 years old and over group was found to be significantly higher than the other age groups (p<0.05). SLWT at the alignment of P2 teeth was found to be significantly higher than the alignment of other teeth (p<0.05). The incidence of Type 1 sinus relationship in P2 teeth and Type 4 sinus relationship in M2 teeth was found to be significantly higher than the other teeth (p<0.05). SLWT in regions with Type 1 sinus relationship was found to be significantly higher than in regions with other sinus relationships (p<0.05). Conclusions: SLWT decreases from P2 teeth to M2 teeth. Type 1 sinus relationship is most common in P2 teeth, and Type 4 sinus relationship is most common in M2 teeth. SLDK decreases as the close contact of the upper posterior teeth with the MS increases. © 2025, Selcuk University. All rights reserved.
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    Effects of local enemal matrix protein on osseointegration of different surface Titanium implants
    (Univ Zulia, Facultad Ciencias Veterinarias, 2025) Istek, Ozmen; Sokmen, Kevser; Ozcan, Erhan Cahit; Tanrisever, Murat; Gelic, Turker; Can, Umit Koray; Bozoglan, Alihan
    The aim of this study is to investigate the osseointegration levels of implants with different surfaces locally applied with enamel matrix protein by biomechanical methods. Thirty adult female Spraque Dawley rats weighing 300-350 g were included in the study as subjects. The rats were divided into 3 groups with 10 rats in each group: Machined Surface Group (n = 10), Sandblasted Large Acid Grid (SLA) Surface Group (n = 10) and Resorbable Blasting Material (RBM) Surface Group (n = 10). Titanium implants were surgically placed in the right tibias of the rats with sterile physiological serum cooling. Immediately before the implants were placed, local enamel matrix protein was applied to the prepared sockets and then the implants were placed. The rats were euthanized after waiting for osseointegration for four weeks and the implants were taken with the surrounding bone tissues after the soft tissues were removed. The bone-implant contact of all implants was analyzed by biomechanical method and recorded in Newtoncm-1(Ncm-1). When the obtained biomechanical data were examined, the average bone-implant contact value was found to be 2.24 +/- 0.67 (Ncm-1) in machined surface implants, 4.5 +/- 1.36 (Ncm-1) in SLA surface implants and 3.24 +/- 0.94 (Ncm-1) in RBM surface implants. A statistically difference was detected between machined surface implants and SLA surface implants (P<0.05; P=0.02). It can be stated that local enamel matrix protein application may increase bone-implant connection in SLA surface implants.
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    Evaluation of the relationship between periodontal bone loss and Schneiderian membrane thickness in upper posterior teeth with root tips associated with the maxillary sinus: a retrospective cone beam computed tomography study
    (Bmc, 2025) Sokmen, Kevser; Sokmen, Nurullah
    Background: This study aimed to examine the effects of periodontal bone loss (PBL) in upper posterior teeth with root tips in contact with the maxillary sinus on sinus mucosal thickening (SMT) via cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: One hundred sixty CBCT images were divided into four equal groups according to the season in which they were taken: spring, summer, autumn, and winter (n = 40). The relationships among sex, age, PBL, and SMT were evaluated. SMT was measured at the site with the greatest distance from the sinus base to the upper edge of the sinus mucosa. SMT exceeding 2 mm was considered pathological. The SMT value was categorized into four classes (Class I: <2 mm, Class II: 2.1-5 mm, Class III: 5.1-10 mm, and Class IV: >10 mm). The PBL level was determined by measuring the distance between the point located 2 mm apical to the cemento-enamel level and the upper border point of the alveolar bone. PBL was calculated by dividing this value by the distance between the apex of the longest root and the point located 2 mm apical to the cemento-enamel border and multiplying by 100. PBL was categorized into three classes (Type I: 25%, Type II: 25-50%, Type III: >50% bone loss). Results: No statistically significant relationships were found among sex, season during which the image was taken, the side of the maxillary sinus (right or left) and SMT (p > 0.05). The percentage of Class IV SMT in individuals over 50 years of age (41.9%) was statistically significantly greater than that in other age groups (p < 0.05). The percentage of Class IV SMT in individuals with severe PBL (60.7%) was significantly greater than that in individuals with mild (0%) and moderate (3.2%) PBL (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Age and PBL were significantly associated with SMT. As the periodontitis grade (PBL/age) increases, SMT gradually increases.