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    Association between air pollution and climate parameters exposure during the periconceptional period and hypospadias risk in Turkish offspring: A case-control study
    (Turkish Natl Committee Air Pollution Res & Control-Tuncap, 2025) Demirtas, Mehmet Semih; Yalcin, Siddika Songul; Tusat, Mustafa; Ozmen, Ismail; Basar, Dilek; Calapoglu, Ahmet Salih; Siyve, Serdar
    We aimed to investigate the associations between hypospadias and contact to air pollutants and climate parameters during the pre- and post-conceptional periods. This study has been carried out as a multicentre case-control study involving 340 children with hypospadias between the ages of 0-3 years and 357 children in the same age range who applied for circumcision. A total of 7 air pollutant (PM2.5, PM10, NO, NO2, SO2, CO, O-3), 5 climate parameters [air temperature, relative humidity (RH), air pressure (AP), wind speed (WS) and precipitation amounts data were obtained. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, younger maternal age (reference: >35 years) and maternal smoking (reference: no exposure) were significantly associated with a higher likelihood of hypospadias. Conversely, folic acid supplementation intake during pregnancy (reference: no supplementation) and maternal BMI in the range of 25-30 (reference: <25) were associated with a lower likelihood of its occurrence. After adjusting for child-family characteristics, increased interquartile ranges (IQR) of CO, mean temperature, minimum temperature, RH, and AP were positively associated with hypospadias, whereas SO2 levels and diurnal temperature range (DTR) were inversely associated. Comprehensive analysis of individual and environmental factors further highlighted that younger maternal age, smoking exposure, PM10, and air pressure were positively associated with hypospadias, while a greater DTR was inversely associated. Younger maternal age, smoking exposure, and specific air pollutants, such as PM10 and CO, as well as climatic factors like AP, were positively associated with hypospadias. These findings underscore the importance of mitigating environmental exposures and promoting maternal health interventions to reduce the risk of congenital anomalies like hypospadias. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to confirm these associations and explore underlying mechanisms.
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    Essential oils from Melissa officinalis and Citrus reticulata ameliorate testicular inflammation and apoptosis induced by sleep deprivation
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2025) Sahin, Melda; Ozmen, Ozlem; Ozmen, Ismail
    Sleep deprivation is a major risk factor for male infertility, largely via inflammatory and apoptotic pathways, yet effective treatments are limited. This study examined the protective effects of bioactive essential oils from Melissa officinalis and Citrus reticulata against testicular injury induced by total sleep deprivation (TSD). Forty-eight male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to six groups and exposed to TSD for 20 days using the multiple platform method. Interventions included daily inhalation of individual oils, their combination, or Alprazolam (ALP) as a control. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses (Cas-3, CD11b, NF-kappa B) were performed on testes, epididymis, and prostate. TSD caused severe structural degeneration in reproductive organs, with marked upregulation of apoptotic and inflammatory markers. Both essential oils alleviated these changes, while their combination provided superior protection compared to single use. Interestingly, the prostate showed relative resistance to TSD-induced injury compared with testes and epididymis. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence that inhalation of Melissa officinalis and Citrus reticulata essential oils significantly protects against sleep deprivation - induced reproductive toxicity. These findings suggest a safe, non-invasive aromatherapeutic strategy for preserving male fertility under chronic sleep stress.