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    Comparison of cyclic fatigue resistance between heat-treated and conventional retreatment files
    (Spemd-Soc Portuguesa Estomatologia & Medicina Dentaria, 2023) Ozkan, Hatice Buyukozer; Surme, Koray; Akman, Hayri; Er, Kursat
    Objectives: To compare the cyclic fatigue resistances of MicroMega Remover, EndoArt, and ProTaper nickel-titanium retreatment files when used in curved artificial canals.Methods: A total of 45 new C-wire Remover, controlled-memory wire EndoArt D2, and non heat-treated NiTi ProTaper D2 retreatment files, 15 per group, were tested in a stainless-steel block containing an 18-mm-long artificial canal with curvature in the apical third, an inner diameter of 1.5 mm, a curvature angle of 60 degrees, and a radius of curvature of 5 mm. The experimental system was filled with distilled water, and the ambient temperature was kept constant at 35 +/- 1 degrees C. The retreatment files were rotated until fracture to calculate the number of cycles to failure. The length of each fractured fragment was recorded. The number of cycles to failure and the fragment length values were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post-hoc tests. The statistical significance level was set at p<0.05.Results: The group with the highest number of cycles to failure values was EndoArt D2 (1401.33 +/- 279.00), followed by MicroMega Remover (950.07 +/- 195.84) and ProTaper D2 (341.87 +/- 48.12), with a statistically significant difference between all file systems tested (p<0.05). No difference was observed among the retreatment files regarding the lengths of fractured fragments.Conclusions: The EndoArt D2 file exhibited greater cyclic fatigue resistance than the MicroMega Remover and ProTaper D2 files. (Rev Port Estomatol Med Dent Cir Maxilofac. 2023;64(3):112-117)(c) 2023 Sociedade Portuguesa de Estomatologia e Medicina Dent & aacute;ria. Published by SPEMD. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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    Comparison of cyclic fatigue resistance of four pediatric rotary file systems at body temperature: an in vitro study
    (Bmc, 2024) Surme, Koray; Akman, Hayri; Ozkan, Hatice Buyukozer; Er, Kursat
    Background The aim of this study was to compare the cyclic fatigue resistance (CFR) of the newly developed pediatric nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary file systems for root canal preparation of primary teeth. Methods Eighty pediatric NiTi rotary file systems files were used in this study, including 20 EasyInSmile X-Baby (25/0.04), 20 Scope miniScope (25/0.04), 20 EndoArt Pedo Gold (25/0.04), and 20 EndoArt Pedo Blue (25/0.04) files. Static CFR tests; performed on a custom-made stainless steel block with an inner diameter of 1.5 mm, an angle of curvature of 60 degrees and a curved artificial canal with a radius of curvature of 5 mm. The test system was filled with distilled water and the temperature was kept constant at 35 +/- 1 degrees C. The files were rotated in the simulated canal until fracture occurred. The number of cycles to failure (NCF) data was recorded, and all the fracture surfaces of the files were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). One-way ANOVA and Tukey tests were used for statistical analysis of the data, and the significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results EndoArt Pedo Blue showed the highest NCF values (2668.10 +/- 755.26), while the miniScope showed the lowest NCF values (453.65 +/- 72.51), with a statistically significant difference between all the tested file systems (p < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in terms of fractured fragment lengths among all tested files (p > 0.05). Conclusion The EndoArt Pedo Blue file system showed the best CFR performance among the four file systems specifically designed for primary teeth.
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    Comparison of Surface Roughness and Color Stability of Different Denture Characterizing Composite Resins: The Effect of Different Surface Treatments
    (Wiley, 2023) Bozogullari, Hatice Nalan; Buyukerkmen, Emine Begum; Ozkan, Hatice Buyukozer
    Purpose This study aimed to investigate the effect of surface treatment and type of composite resin material on the color stability and surface roughness of different denture characterizing composites. Materials and methods Two nanohybrids [Gradia Plus Gum, (GP) and SR Nexco Paste Gingiva, (SR)] and one microhybrid gingiva-colored composite resin [Amaris Gingiva, (AG)] were investigated. A total of 120 disk-shaped samples were prepared, 40 of each material. Samples were divided into two groups (n = 20) for each material according to the surface treatment applied: conventional polishing (control) and coated with a sealant in addition to the surface polishing. All groups were thermocycled. The surface roughness (Ra) was measured using a profilometer after thermal cycling. The samples were then divided into 2 subgroups (n = 10) and stored for 7 days in distilled water or coffee solution. Color differences (Delta E-00) were calculated with a spectrophotometer. Results were evaluated with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U statistical analysis. Results The type of denture characterizing composite material and surface treatment method revealed statistically significant differences for the Delta E-00 (after immersion both in coffee and distilled water) and the Ra values of denture characterizing composite (p < 0.001 for both). All sealed groups showed significantly higher Ra than the all polished groups. Both in the polished groups and the sealant applied groups, the GP had the highest mean Ra values (0.29 +/- 0.05 mu m and 0.47 +/- 0.09 mu m, respectively). It was followed by SR (0.23 +/- 0.06 mu m and 0.41 +/- 0.10 mu m, respectively), and AG groups (0.20 +/- 0.06 mu m and 0.39 +/- 0.09 mu m, respectively). According to the mean Delta E-00 results, all composite groups showed significantly higher Delta E-00 values immersed in coffee solutions compared to distilled water. In coffee solutions, the highest Delta E-00 was observed in the polished GP (1.90 +/- 0.40), and the lowest Delta E-00 was observed in the polished SR (0.97 +/- 0.36). The sealed groups showed higher Delta E-00 than the polished groups, except for GP. Conclusions The surface roughness value of sealant applied groups were significantly higher than those of the polished groups. The surface sealant application significantly increased the staining of all composite groups compared to conventional polishing, except for GP.
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    Do irrigation solutions effect bond strength of composite resin to deep margin elevation material? An in-vitro study
    (Bmc, 2025) Mutlu, Seref Nur; Fidancioglu, Yasemin Derya; Ozkan, Hatice Buyukozer; Ulker, Hayriye Esra
    Background The deep margin elevation (DME) technique provides advantages for root canal treatment, but the impact of applied irrigation protocols on bonding for subsequent restorations is a significant concern. The aim of this in vitro study was to test the bond strength of a flowable resin material used in DME restorations after composite restorations were exposed to different irrigation protocols. Methods Standard composite samples (G-aenial (R) Universal Injectable) were divided into nine groups according to irrigation protocols. Untreated composite sample were used as control. The group A were kept in 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and the group B were kept in 3.5% chlorine dioxide (ClO2) for 30 min. Then, the following treatment protocols were applied to the subgroups, respectively. Group1A/B: 17%EDTA + 5.25%NaOCl + Distilled Water + 2%CHX, Group2A/B: 18%HEDP + 5.25%NaOCl + Distilled Water + 2%CHX, Group3A/B: 17%EDTA + 3.5%ClO2 + Distilled Water + 2%CHX, Group4A/B: 18%HEDP + 3.5%ClO2 + Distilled Water + 2%CHX. After irrigation procedures, samples were washed with distilled water and sandblasted. G-Premio Bond and composite restorations (G-aenial (R) A'CHORD) were applied. The samples were then cut perpendicular to the interface with an IsoMet (R) low speed diamond saw under water. For the microtensile bond strength test, rectangular sticks with an average cross-sectional area of similar to 1 mm(2) will be obtained. The first section with 1-mm thickness was excluded to prevent its possible confounding effect on the results. Three sections were obtained of each sample (n = 15) and tested for microtensile bond strength. The analysis of the data collected in accordance with the purpose of the study was performed with One-way ANOVA (n = 15). For multiple comparisons between groups, it was evaluated with Tukey HSD test. Results Groups A1 and A2, immersed in NaOCl for 30 min, showed statistically significantly lower bond strength compared to Group B3, immersed in ClO2 for 30 min, and the control group (P < 0.05). The use of ClO2 irrigation is recommended due to its positive effects on bond strength. Conclusion Prolonged NaOCl irrigation may adversely affect the bond strength of flowable composites used for deep margin elevation.
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    Evaluation of surface tensions and root-dentin surface contact angles of different endodontic irrigation solutions
    (Bmc, 2024) Ozkan, Hatice Buyukozer; Terlemez, Arslan; Batibay, Ahmet Burcin; Erdogan, Hilal; Cobankara, Funda Kont
    Background Surface tension and contact angle properties, which play a crucial role in determining the effectiveness of irrigation solutions in penetrating dentin surfaces and dentin tubules, are highly important for the development of new irrigation solutions and their preferences. The aim of the current study was to compare the surface tension and contact angle properties of different irrigation solutions used in endodontics, both on the dentin surface and within dentin tubules. Methods In this study, the contact angles and surface tensions of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), 5% boric acid (BA), 0.02% hypochlorous acid (HOCl), 0.2% chlorine dioxide (ClO2), Biopure MTAD, QMix solutions, and distilled water (control group) were measured. Measurements were conducted using a goniometer device (Attension Theta Lite Tensiometer, Biolin Scientific, USA), employing the sessile drop method for contact angle measurements on pre-prepared dentin surfaces, and the pendant drop method for surface tension. Results Contact angle measurements revealed no statistically significant differences between the contact angle values of MTAD, ClO2, and CHX or between NaOCl, QMix, BA, and HOCl (p > 0.05). However, EDTA exhibited a significantly greater contact angle than did MTAD, ClO2, CHX, NaOCl, QMix, BA, and HOCl (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the contact angle of dentin with distilled water was greater than that with all other solutions tested (p < 0.05). Surface tension measurements revealed that the surface tension values of QMix and MTAD were statistically similar (p > 0.05). CHX exhibited lower surface tension than distilled water and HOCl (p < 0.05), and it also had lower surface tension than ClO2, NaOCl, and BA (p < 0.05). Additionally, the surface tension of the samples treated with EDTA was greater than that of all other solutions tested (p < 0.05). Conclusion The direct linear relationship between the surface tension of liquids and contact angles on different surfaces may not always hold true, and these values should be considered independently for each solution on various surfaces. Considering the contact angles and surface tension properties of irrigation solutions with root canal dentin, it can be suggested for clinical use that ClO2 could be recommended over NaOCl, and similarly, BA could be recommended over EDTA.