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    A Comparative Study on the Fracture Resistance of CAD/CAM-Fabricated Single-Piece Post-Crowns
    (Wiley, 2025) Erdem, Ali; Bilgin, Mehmet Selim; Ersoy, Ibrahim; Dilber, Erhan; Isik, Ebru Nur; Eyuboglu, Tan Firat; Ozcan, Mutlu
    Objectives: Recently, CAD/CAM materials have become popular in dental clinics; however, information about their fracture resistance as post-crowns remains limited. This study compared the initial fracture resistance of potential single-piece post-crown materials made with CAD/CAM milling to sound teeth. Materials and Methods: Fifty freshly extracted, non-carious human central incisor teeth underwent endodontic treatment. The roots were then randomly divided into five groups based on the post systems: the control group included teeth filled only with gutta-percha. Monoblock post-crowns were made using four different systems for the other groups: LDS (IPS e.max CAD (R), lithium disilicate glass-ceramic), YTZP (inCoris ZI (R), Yttrium tetragonal zirconia polycrystal), RNC (Lava Ultimate (R), resin-based nanoceramic), and PICN (VITA Enamic (R), polymer-infiltrated ceramic network). The post-crowns were cemented with resin cement and tested with a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min. Data analysis used one-way ANOVA and multiple comparison post-hoc Tukey tests (alpha = 0.05). Results: Significant differences were found between the groups (p < 0.001). The control group exhibited the highest fracture resistance (749.25 +/- 225.02 N). YTZP showed similar resistance to the control (p = 0.99) and LDS (447.28 +/- 168.72 N, p = 0.081), but was significantly higher than RNC (343.79 +/- 157.08 N, p = 0.0051) and PICN (348.78 +/- 157.44 N, p = 0.0059). LDS, RNC, and PICN did not differ significantly. YTZP experienced more non-repairable fractures (5/10), while PICN predominantly failed in a repairable manner (9/10). Conclusions: All CAD/CAM post-crowns exceeded functional loads for the anterior region. YTZP and LDS demonstrated greater strength, whereas PICN and RNC, despite being weaker, favored repairable failures-highlighting the importance of balancing strength and clinical manageability.
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    Öğe
    Adhesion of veneering composite to metal-free CAD/CAM materials: effect of surface conditioning and adhesive resin type
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2023) Onugoren, Nazik Irem; Demirci, Fatih; Tatar, Numan; Eyuboglu, Tan Firat; Ozcan, Mutlu
    ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the adhesion of veneering composite to metal-free computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) materials with different compositions after surface conditioning and application of adhesive resins.Materials and MethodsA total of one hundred and sixty specimens were divided into four groups (n = 40) manufactured either from polyetheretherketone (PEEK; KERAstar PEEK), polyetherketoneketone (PEKK; Pekkton), fiber-reinforced composite (FRC; Trinia), or high-impact polymer composite (COMP; Bredent HIPC) CAD/CAM discs. Each group was then randomly subdivided into four different subgroups of adhesive systems (n = 10) as Visiolink (Bredent), Single Bond Universal (3M), G-Premio BOND (GC), and OptiBond Universal (Kerr). The shear bond strength (SBS) of each specimen with veneering composite material was tested with a universal testing machine following thermocycle aging (5000 times). The modes of failure resulting from the tests were determined with scanning electron microscope (SEM), dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and analytical imaging. The data were statistically analyzed with two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc tests (alpha = 0.05).ResultsThe highest SBS values among all groups were found for the COMP material (20.28 +/- 2.08 MPa) with OptiBond Universal adhesive, while the lowest for the PEEK material (10.33 +/- 2.47 MPa) with G-Premio BOND. The most common failure mode for the PEEK and PEKK specimens was adhesive failure, for the FRC and COMP groups mixed failures were common.ConclusionsBond strength values of at least 10 MPa were achieved for all tested between metal-free CAD/CAM materials and adhesive resin application.