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    Analysis of economic efficiency and its determinants in millet based production systems in the derived savanna zone of Nigeria
    (Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat Üniversitesi, 2021) Oladimeji, Yusuf Usman; Offokansı, Chuwunonso Chidera; Egwuma, Henry
    Millet is grown in the large savanna region of Nigeria mostly in a system of intercropping with other crops. The study seeks to analyse the efficiencies of millet-based production pattern and its determining factors in the derived savanna zone of Nigeria. Data were collected from primary sources using a structured questionnaire administered to the selected 196 millet-based farmers. Input oriented Data Envelope Analysis (DEA) and Tobit regression model were used to achieve the aims of the research. The mean Technical Efficiency (TE) of the millet and sorghum (MS), millet-sorghum-groundnut and cowpea (MSGC), millet-sorghum and groundnut (MSG), millet-sorghum and cowpea (MSC) and sole millet (SM) were 40, 21, 38, 32 and 48 % respectively. This suggests that in the short run, there are gaps of 60, 79, 62, 68 and 52 % to increase the efficiency levels respectively. This may be through enhanced use of accessible production inputs. The mean Allocative Efficiency (AE) for the millet-based farmers was 0.56, 0.55, 0.67, 0.56 and 0.91 for MS, MSGC, MSG, MSC and SM respectively. The results revealed that estimates of factors that influence millet-based farmers’ systems have different degrees of statistical significance and where the level of significance is the same, the magnitude and direction were not the same. The numbers of millet-based farms operating under constant, increasing, and decreasing returns to scale were also estimated. The result of sensitivity analysis for an optimum plan for millet-based inputs used showed that land, seed, labour, fertilizer and agrochemicals are not limiting resources to obtain optimal farm plan. These results indicate the units needed to be decreased from various millet farms respectively for optimal production. More youths should be encouraged by the government and private organizations by providing them with necessary incentives to engage in farming to minimize inefficiency associated with older aged farmers.
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    Effects of Covid-19 Induced Spike in Food Prices on Urban Households’ Food Security in Northwest, Nigeria
    (2022) Idakwo, Daniel Acheneje; Oladimeji, Yusuf Usman; Ayanlere, Ayo Fatimoh; Hussaini, Aisha Simbiat
    The purpose of the study is to assess the effects of COVID-19 induced spike in food prices on urban households’ food security status in Northwest, Nigeria. Primary data through structured questionnaires were collected for the study. A multistage random sampling resulted into sample size of 240 urban households (samples). Primary data was used for the study. The results of variables used for the fixed effect regression shows that the mean price was ?200, average household size was 7 persons per household, the average age and education was 45 and 10 years, respectively. The results of price trend before and during COVID-19 pandemic shows significant differences in all the four (4) cereal crops investigated. The result of the food security levels of households reveals that majority of the households (95%) were food secure before the outbreak of COVID-19 while the food secure households dropped to78% during COVID-19. The fixed-effects regression shows that the coefficients of price (1.05), household size (0.02), COVID-19 loan (-0.134e7) and household income (0.015) were found to have statistically significant effects on food security status of households. The findings from this study will help guide governments at various levels in Nigeria in policy formulation towards ameliorating the sufferings of households in the study area. In addition, NGOs and other concerned local and international organisations can rely on this study as a guide for distributing COVID-19 relief find and further research.