Yazar "Niemiec, Marcin" seçeneğine göre listele

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    Closed-Loop Agricultural Production and Its Environmental Efficiency: A Case Study of Sheep Wool Production in Northwestern Kyrgyzstan
    (Mdpi, 2022) Komorowska, Monika; Niemiec, Marcin; Sikora, Jakub; Szelag-Sikora, Anna; Grodek-Szostak, Zofia; Findura, Pavol; Gurgulu, Hatice
    As a country with not only significant production potential but also fragmented land ownership, the Kyrgyz Republic struggles with environmental efficiency, which is a strategic element of environmental management in agricultural production. The objective of this study was to assess the environmental efficiency of sheep's wool when used as a fertilizer in bean production in northern Kyrgyzstan. In this study, the efficiency indicator was taken to be GHG emissions per functional unit of product, using a proprietary methodology for calculating GHG emissions to determine the true value of this material as a source of soil nutrients and organic matter. Two experimental factors were used in the experiment: fertilizer type and fertilizer rate. Fertilization with sheep wool resulted in a 15% higher bean yield compared to when fertilized with mineral fertilizers at a comparable rate, converted to pure nitrogen. By using sheep wool as a source of mineral nutrients for the plants, the carbon footprint was reduced by almost 10% compared to a facility with mineral fertilization. Therefore, the use of sheep wool as a source of plant nutrients is environmentally justified.
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    Determination of the Effects of Different Irrigation Levels and Vermicompost Doses on Water Consumption and Yield of Greenhouse-Grown Tomato
    (Mdpi, 2024) Boyaci, Sedat; Kociecka, Joanna; Atilgan, Atilgan; Niemiec, Marcin; Liberacki, Daniel; Rolbiecki, Roman
    This study was conducted in pots under a polycarbonate greenhouse to determine the effects of different irrigation levels and vermicompost doses on the morphological and phenological characteristics, water consumption, water use efficiency, and yield parameters of tomato plants. For this purpose, different irrigation levels of 100%, 75%, 50% (I100: full irrigation, I75, I50) and vermicompost (VC) doses of 0, 10% and 20% (VC0, VC10 and VC20, w/w) were applied as the treatments. The study's results determined the irrigation levels and vermicompost doses affected the tomato plants' morphological and fruit quality parameters. The highest and lowest plant water consumption (ET) values for the treatments were determined as 47.8 L (I100VC10) and 21.2 L (I50VC0), respectively. Moreover, irrigation water levels and vermicompost doses significantly influenced the total yield of tomatoes. The highest and lowest total and marketable yields were obtained from the I100VC20 and I50VC0 irrigation levels and vermicompost doses. Similarly, the highest and lowest total water use efficiencies were achieved from the I100VC20 (21.9 g L-1) and I50VC0 (11.0 g L-1) treatments. Furthermore, the highest and lowest marketable water use efficiencies were obtained from the I100VC20 (21.9 g L-1) and I50VC0 (7.8 g L-1) treatments. The yield response factor (ky) was found to be 1.42. Although the highest efficiency was achieved from 100% full irrigation and a 20% vermicompost dose in the study, it is suggested that 75% irrigation level and 10% fertilizer doses can also be applied in places where water is limited and fertilizer is expensive. The results revealed that the appropriate irrigation level and vermicompost doses could reliably be used to enhance tomato yield.
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    Economic Efficiency of Renewable Energy Investments in Photovoltaic Projects: A Regression Analysis
    (Mdpi, 2025) Akbulut, Adem; Niemiec, Marcin; Tasdelen, Kubilay; Akbulut, Leyla; Komorowska, Monika; Atilgan, Atilgan; Cosgun, Ahmet
    Energy Performance Contracts (EPC) are performance-based financing mechanisms designed to improve energy efficiency and support renewable energy adoption in the public sector. This study examines the economic efficiency of a 1710.72 kWp solar power plant (SPP), implemented under an EPC at Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, using a regression-based analysis. The model evaluates the effects of solar radiation, investment cost, and electricity sales price on unit production cost, and its predictions were compared with actual production data. Results show the system exceeded the EPC contract target by 16.2%, producing 2,423,472.28 kWh in its first year and preventing 1168.64 tons of CO2 emissions. The developed multiple linear regression model achieved a predictive error margin of 14.7%, confirming its validity. This study highlights the technical, economic, and environmental benefits of EPC applications in T & uuml;rkiye's public institutions and offers a practical decision-support framework for policymakers. The novelty lies in integrating a regression model with operational data and providing a comparative assessment of planned, predicted, and actual outcomes.
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    Evaluation of Sheep Wool as a Substrate for Hydroponic Cucumber Cultivation
    (Mdpi, 2023) Komorowska, Monika; Niemiec, Marcin; Sikora, Jakub; Grodek-Szostak, Zofia; Gurgulu, Hatice; Chowaniak, Maciej; Atilgan, Atilgan
    The problem of the use and disposal of horticultural substrates is an important element of the optimization of plastic greenhouse production in terms of economic and environmental efficiency. The production of mineral substrates is associated with a high energy expenditure, which generates costs and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. An important factor is also the transport of professional substrates over long distances. The research objective was to evaluate the possibility of using sheep wool to create horticultural substrates in the hydroponic production of cucumber. The modifier of production technology was the use of substrates of various origins. The experiment was based on the use of two substrates: one was a conventional substrate, made of mineral wool, and the other was made of greasy Gissar sheep wool, which is considered waste or a nuisance byproduct of sheep farming today. The adopted functional unit was 1 ton of commercial cucumber yield. The boundaries of the system were soil formation, fertilization, irrigation, and harvesting. The amount of GHG emissions was calculated in accordance with the ISO 14040 and ISO 14044 standards. The results of the experiment show that the use of sheep wool as a substrate in the hydroponic cultivation of cucumbers reduced yield by approximately 8%, but it allowed for a higher efficiency of water and mineral fertilizer use per crop mass unit. Within the adopted system boundary, the value of the carbon footprint in the object with the conventional substrate was 276.9 kg CO2 eq center dot Mg-1. The value of this parameter for the object with the sheep wool was 193.9 kg CO2 eq center dot Mg-1. The use of sheep wool did not increase the phytosanitary risk of the cultivated plants. An important goal for achieving sustainability, especially in food production, is to use materials that are easily recyclable and renewable, locally available, and environmentally friendly. The use of sheep wool as a substrate for soilless plastic greenhouse cultivation is a rational solution, as this material consists of 60% animal protein fibers, 10% fat, 15% moisture, 10% sheep sweat, and an average of 5% impurities. This makes it an easily recyclable, easily renewable, and environmentally friendly source of raw material for hydroponic substrates in food production, contrary to rockwool, which produces waste that is difficult to manage and a nuisance to the natural environment. In the countries of Central Asia, the sheep population is over 20 million; therefore, the potential for using sheep wool material for agricultural production is significant.
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    LABELLING THE CARBON FOOTPRINT AS A STRATEGIC ELEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS
    (Sciendo, 2024) Niemiec, Marcin; Komorowska, Monika; Atilgan, Atilgan; Abduvasikov, Abduaziz A.
    The aim of the study was to assess the potential use of the carbon footprint for the environmental evaluation of agricultural systems. Carbon footprint analysis in agriculture has a strategic dimension in terms of sustainable food production. Reducing the negative impact of agriculture on climate change is a key element of many quality management systems and is included in the legislation of many countries. One of the challenges in calculating the carbon footprint is the lack of clear methodologies for determination of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions at this stage. Normative documents highlight the need to consider all areas of GHG emissions, but in practice, this is exceedingly difficult due to the specific characteristics of plant production, which takes place under variable conditions related to soil type, its properties, chemical composition, climate, and production technology. Based on a review of the scientific literature, it was concluded that the carbon footprint studies of specific agricultural systems and evaluations of technology improvements (implementing actions to compensate for anthropogenic pressure) should be conducted within an individual system boundary. The system boundary should be developed based on the process map created in accordance with the guidelines of ISO 31000:2018. Most of the input data used in the calculations must be standardized due to the range of parameters dependent on the natural, geographical, and infrastructural conditions of the production location. © 2024 Marcin Niemiec et al.
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    Possibilities of Using Whey Wastes in Agriculture: Case of Turkey
    (Mdpi, 2022) Sirmacekic, Esmanur; Atilgan, Atilgan; Rolbiecki, Roman; Jagosz, Barbara; Rolbiecki, Stanislaw; Gokdogan, Osman; Niemiec, Marcin
    Liquid wastes are generated during production in the milk and cheese industries. During cheese production, whey emerges as a liquid product. Researchers define waste as raw material instead of waste alone. Hence, there is no doubt that the use and management of waste will gain greater importance in the upcoming years. This study discusses the use of whey, which is food waste, in agriculture and the benefits derived from it in terms of energy value. Our research was based on the current literature and the amount of whey that emerged in the dairy industry. For this purpose, the existing literature was evaluated to determine how much waste was produced from whey. The total amount of whey waste in Turkey for 2021 was determined. Afterwards, the amount of potential energy was determined in evaluating these wastes. Turkey's total amount of potential energy obtained from whey waste was calculated as 570.11 x 10(6) MJ, with 158.36 x 10(6) kWh as potential electrical energy. Moreover, it was calculated that a total of 158.36 x 10(6) kWh of electrical energy would meet the electrical energy of 688,548 families of four people for a month. It is also stated that this potential energy will be used in the field of equivalent electrical energy content and agriculture. It is a fact that cheese wastewater, rich in nutrients and organic matter, can be used in agriculture. Whey is used as animal feed in agricultural fertilization activities and the livestock sector. It has also been understood from the literature that it can also be used in biogas production. However, it should not be forgotten that whey released into rivers, water sources, or sewers threatens the environment due to its high protein content. Therefore, by increasing the number of similar studies on the subject, a wide range of wastes, such as whey, can be utilized in the most accurate manner. As a result, environmental protection, conservation of water resources, and energy conservation can be ensured by properly benefiting from whey waste. Considering that the world population will increase in the future, it is a fact that we will need a cleaner environment and more energy. It was concluded that greater importance should be given to waste management practices for a cleaner environment and energy saving.
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    Strategies for managing corn crop residue in the context of greenhouse gas emissions
    (Springer, 2024) Komorowska, Monika; Niemiec, Marcin; Sikora, Jakub; Suder, Marcin; Gródek-Szostak, Zofia; Atilgan, Atilgan; Ovcharuk, Oleh
    Food production is one of the most important sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, both in primary production and in processing and the logistics chain. The most problematic and risky is the optimization of environmental effects in the stage of primary production. This is due to the significant influence of factors related to climate and soil that are difficult to predict. The scientific literature offers much information on the impact of crop residue management, but the context for assessing the impact of crop residue management in corn production on the carbon footprint is still unclear. The effectiveness of using organic additives like biochar, compost, corn, or straw to maintain soil productivity is well acknowledged. Information about the effects of particular crop residue management strategies on soil carbon sequestration, soil quality, and crop yield in corn cultivation is currently scarce. The research aimed to assess the potential for optimizing corn production through modifications in crop residue management, with a focus on the efficiency indicator being the level of greenhouse gas emissions per functional unit of the product. A 3-year growing experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of different corn crop residue management strategies. The modifications of the corn cultivation technology in terms of the crop residue management strategy had a significant impact on the yield of plants and the amount of GHG emissions. The conversion of corn straw to biochar and its introduction into the soil reduced the GHG emissions from corn cultivation per functional unit, despite the energy expenditure related to straw transport and biochar production. From a 3-year time perspective, a beneficial effect of biochar addition on the size of the commercial yield of plants was observed. In variants with biochar and a reduced level of nitrogen fertilization, no reduction in yields was observed. This confirmed the hypothesis that biochar could be a useful material for the production of slow-acting fertilizers. © The Author(s) 2024.
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    The Importance of Rainwater Harvesting and Its Usage Possibilities: Antalya Example (Turkey)
    (Mdpi, 2023) Ertop, Hasan; Kociecka, Joanna; Atilgan, Atilgan; Liberacki, Daniel; Niemiec, Marcin; Rolbiecki, Roman
    The significance and effective use of water, one of the most basic requirements for sustaining vital activities, is gaining importance every day. Population growth and unprogrammed industrialization accelerate the consumption of available water resources. However, drought, as a result of climate change, poses a threat to water resources. Factors such as the exhaustibility of water resources, rapid population growth, unscheduled industrialization and drought increase the tendency towards alternative water resources. Rainwater harvesting is based on the principle of using the rainwater falling into the regions after it is stored. Water collected through rain harvesting can be utilized in many different areas, such as agricultural irrigation, landscape irrigation and domestic use. Among agricultural activities, the idea of water harvesting in greenhouse areas comes to the fore. Due to the gutters on the greenhouse roofs, water can be stored. In Antalya, which has about half of the greenhouses in Turkey, the amount of water in the rain harvest that can be obtained in greenhouses is 224,992,795.8 m(3) per year. Monthly calculations throughout the year showed that the minimum water can be harvested in August (938,447.53 m(3)) and the maximum (54,771,210 m(3)) in December. Therefore, it is thought that some plant water consumption can be met by building sufficient storage in areas close to the greenhouse.