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    Angora Goat Based on the Observations and Evaluations of Western Travellers
    (Hale Sivgin, 2021) Mehmet, A. K.
    The travellers who wandered across Ottoman State gave detailed information about the Angora goat. They investigated the goat as its origin and speculated on the possibility that it may have belonged to them with an orientalist point of view, but they accepted that it was brought by Turks from the Geography of Turkistan between the 11th and 13th centuries. They analysed the Angora goats in terms of appearance, the environment they lived, and their wool (mohair). They gave information about shearing of Angora goat, combing spinning, weaving, and fabric types. Yarn and fabric produced from mohair attracted the attentions in Europe and the rest the world. At the same time, taking the goat and raw mohair out of the country was forbidden. While the interests of the Westerners into Angora goat were in increase, initiatives to take the goat out of the country started in the 16th century onwards. They want to possess the goat and control mohair production. Exports of raw mohair and goat paved the way in the 19th century. Yet, the desired production from the goats which were taken to Spain, France, America and Australia was not gained. Production trials in British colonial South Africa have been successful. Thus, in the international market, South African mohair became a rival of Turkish mohair in the last quarter of the 19th century. Despite this, the quality of Ankara mohair could not be achieved anywhere in the world. The state banned the exportation of goat due to fluctuations in the mohair market, but this was not a certain solution. While the Angora goat, mohair, yarn and fabric were important sources of income for the people in Ankara, this situation gradually deteriorated in the 19th century. Domestic mohair enterprises could not compete against the machine production that developed after the Industrial Revolution. The unilateral processing of capitulations, 1838 Treaty of Balta Liman, and the availability of mohair exportation negatively affected Turkish manufacturers and domestic enterprises. While Turkish producers who feed goats decreased, producers and businesses lost their earning, and the state lost tax revenues.
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    REYHANLI TURKMENS IN OBSERVATIONS OF A TRAVELER ALEPPO
    (Selcuk Univ, Inst Turkish Studies, 2019) Mehmet, A. K.
    John Lewis Burckhardt, who serves for the interests of the British, is commissioned by the African Society in London in early 1809 to make an expedition to the Sahara. In order to make this journey more comfortable, he needs the knowledge of Arabic and a Muslim identity. He leaves for Malta in April 1809, and soon arrives in Aleppo, where he takes classes on jurisprudence, and disguises as a Syrian merchant under the pseudonym of Ibrahim. In Aleppo, he pretends to be a doctor searching for herbs, and meets a prominent physician Muhammad Ali Bey, who is a respectful member of Reyhanli Turkmens. In order to visit the historical ruins in the region, he comes to the place, where Reyhanli Turkmens live, in the first week of March 1810. In this process, he writes his observations about Reyhanli Turkmens on 12 May 1810. The article, based on these observations, is found in the annex to the book; Travel in the Holy Land and in Syria, published five years after the death of the traveler. The article includes information on the social, cultural, administrative, military and economic conditions of Reyhanli Turkmens. In this paper, the traveler occasionally interprets subjective evaluations and cannot avoid the orientalist point of view, but the information he gives is not contained in documents and is based on one-to-one observations. The information presented is of great importance in terms of Turkish presence in Aleppo, Afrin and Antakya lines towards the north west of Syria as well as in relation to the life of the period and its relations with the local population.