Yazar "Krakowiak-Bal, Anna" seçeneğine göre listele

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    Calculation of the Potential Biogas and Electricity Values of Animal Wastes: Turkey and Poland Case
    (Mdpi, 2023) Ertop, Hasan; Atilgan, Atilgan; Kociecka, Joanna; Krakowiak-Bal, Anna; Liberacki, Daniel; Saltuk, Burak; Rolbiecki, Roman
    This research aimed to analyze the potential amount of electrical energy from biogas energy obtained from animal wastes in Turkey and Poland. Animal waste values were calculated by taking into account the recommended literature values. In determining the biomass energy potential of livestock enterprises in Turkey and Poland, FAO's 2012-2021 data were taken into account. The animal breeds selected as material in this study were cattle, goat, sheep, chicken, duck, goose, turkey, horse, pig, mule and donkey. Considering 10-year calculations, the potential amount of biogas energy that can be obtained from animal wastes for Turkey is 28,845,975 GJ, which is equivalent to 8,105,058 MWh of electrical energy. In Poland, the potential amount of biogas energy that can be generated from animal waste is 13,999,612 GJ, which is equivalent to 3,902,020 MWh of electricity. Moreover, it is estimated that the percentage of the potential amount of electricity to be obtained in 2021 to cover the amount of electricity consumed is 0.303% for Turkey and 0.392% for Poland. For 2021, the amount of economic gains that can be from electricity obtained was also calculated, and it was determined that this value can be 78,650,302 Euro for Turkey and 62,182,435 Euro for Poland. At the same time, it was calculated that the electricity needs of 406,170 houses in Turkey and 171,958 houses in Poland can be met in 2021. As a result, it is thought that the potential electricity to be obtained will contribute to determining energy gains and investment plans for biogas plants.
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    Changes in Water Quality for Sprinkler Irrigation in Selected Lakes of the Poznan Lake District
    (Polish Soc Ecological Engineering-Ptie, 2023) Stachowski, Piotr; Rolbiecki, Stanislaw; Jagosz, Barbara; Krakowiak-Bal, Anna; Rolbiecki, Roman; Figas, Anna; Gumus, Mehmet
    The rapidly changing quality of irrigation water requires urgent attention to understand and predict the long-term effects on soils and food crops, especially in a situation of global freshwater scarcity. The aim of the research was to assess changes in water quality in two selected lakes located in Poland in 2009-2016. The study was carried out in terms of the possibility of using selected reservoirs as sources of water for sprinkler irrigation of agricul-tural crops. The presented analysis was compared with a similar one carried out in 1999-2006 and 2004-2009 to determine the historic and present water quality state. Results indicate, that the source of pollution of the lakes is most often outflows from sewerage systems, the precipitation and surface runoff from the catchment areas of these lakes, which are mainly used as agricultural land. In Lake Niepruszewskie, the oxygen conditions, water transpar-ency, phosphorus content, sestone dry matter and coliform titre increased, while the biological oxygen demand (BOD5), nitrogen, and chlorophyll content decreased. According to present research, in the Strykowskie Lake, the phosphorus content and BOD5 decreased, while the sanitary condition, nitrogen content and oxygen conditions deteriorated. The reduction of mineral fertilization in recent years has reduced the degradation of the lakes and allowed the water quality to remain in Class III of purity. Despite the visible improvement in the general condition of both studied lakes, constant monitoring of their quality is necessary, which is obligatory for the water from these reservoirs to be used for sprinkler irrigation of crops.
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    Energy Potential of Greenhouse Plant Residue: The Cases of Turkey and Poland
    (Mdpi, 2025) Atilgan, Atilgan; Boyaci, Sedat; Famielec, Stanislaw; Krakowiak-Bal, Anna; Ziemianczyk, Urszula; Kociecka, Joanna; Kurpaska, Slawomir
    The search for waste management opportunities is crucial for achieving environmentally friendly waste practices and ensuring the country's energy security. This research aimed to valorize biomass and waste generated in greenhouses and to analyze the potential for electricity production from this waste. The analyses compared the situations in Turkey and Poland, where greenhouse production of vegetables is developing and constitutes an important link in agricultural activities, despite differences in climatic conditions. The cultivation of vegetables and flowers under cover is rapidly expanding in both countries and, with changing climatic conditions, is expected to shape the future of agriculture. In addition to estimating the energy that can be obtained, the study also evaluated the economic benefits of such a solution and the volume of avoided CO2 emissions from fossil fuels. The issue of utilizing these wastes is significant because current methods of their management do not lead to energy production, so their considerable energy potential is wasted, as highlighted in this study. Moreover, there is a lack of similar studies in the literature. The plant species chosen as materials in this study were tomatoes, peppers, eggplant, watermelon, and melon in the case of Turkey. For Poland, the analysis was conducted for tomatoes and greenhouse cucumbers. These crops represent the largest cultivated areas under cover in the respective countries. Results indicated that the average yearly amount of vegetable residue is approximately 463 thousand Mg in Turkey, and 77 thousand Mg in Poland. The estimated annual electricity potential is 430 GWh in Turkey and 80 GWh in Poland. Considering the efficiency of power generation in a typical power plant, the real amount of electricity to be obtained is 0.46 MWh per Mg of waste in Turkey and 0.52 MWh in Poland.
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    Environmental Assessment of Energy System Upgrades in Public Buildings
    (Mdpi, 2024) Bodziacki, Stanislaw; Malinowski, Mateusz; Famielec, Stanislaw; Krakowiak-Bal, Anna; Basak, Zuzanna; Lukasiewicz, Maria; Wolny-Koladka, Katarzyna
    The use of fossil fuel-based energy systems that provide heat and electricity to a building has adverse environmental impacts. These impacts can be mitigated, to a certain extent, through the incorporation of renewable energy sources (RES). The primary objective of this study was to conduct an environmental assessment of the performance of energy systems in existing public facilities located in Poland. Based on the findings, we proposed and implemented changes to these systems and validated the environmental impact of the RES systems used. SimaPro 8.1 software and the Ecoinvent 3.0 database were employed for the analysis, which entailed an environmental assessment of six public facilities located in Poland. The installation of RES resulted in an average 27% reduction in electricity consumption from the national electricity grid. This reduction was observed to be the least in the hospital and the most in the religious building. This was reflected in the environmental assessment of heating systems. The implementation of RES reduced the environmental impact of the religious building by an average of 20%. Concurrently, the CO2 emissions decreased by 35%, SO2 by 44%, and PM10 by 42%. Significant investments and the installation of advanced RES will not prevent the occurrence of unintentional environmental consequences unless the demand for electricity and thermal energy is reduced. The use of RES in the analyzed buildings and the associated avoided emissions do not entirely offset the negative emissions resulting from the utilization of other (conventional) energy sources in the analyzed energy systems of public buildings. Consequently, the analyzed facilities collectively exert a detrimental impact on the environment.
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    The Energy Potential of Waste from Banana Production: A Case Study of the Mediterranean Region
    (Mdpi, 2023) Atilgan, Atilgan; Krakowiak-Bal, Anna; Ertop, Hasan; Saltuk, Burak; Malinowski, Mateusz
    Recently, with the development of technology, the number of studies on the need for energy and the possibilities of covering this need in a sustainable way has been increasing. The management of agricultural biomass and waste is cited as one of the challenges as well as a solution. Mersin and Antalya sites, where banana production is intensively practiced in Turkey, were selected as the study region. The potential amounts of energy values obtained from the waste generated during banana cultivation in the field area of study were calculated. The energy potential was calculated on the basis of the conversion of biogas that can be obtained from the waste. The values obtained were analyzed and compared with the levels of electricity used to determine the economic gains that can be achieved for Mersin and Antalya regions. The data on bananas used in study were obtained from the Turkish Statistical Institute (for the years 2016-2020). It is calculated that 2884.43 MWh of electricity can be generated in Mersin and 2218.26 MWh in Antalya per 5 years from the waste generated during banana production. The values of the number of houses whose needs can be met with the calculated five-year potential electricity amount are 1237 in Mersin and 952 in Antalya. It can be considered that reusing the potential energy that can be obtained from banana waste, examined as material for energy, used in agricultural production will result in a positive impetus to agricultural activities. Energy obtained from banana waste can cover a very small amount of the electrical energy needs of agricultural production, ranging from 0.19% to 0.34%. However, it is concluded that the potential amount of energy to be obtained by recycling not only banana waste but also other agricultural and food waste will be even higher.
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    Yields and Bioactive Substances of Selected European Asparagus Cultivars Grown for Green Spear Production as Influenced by of Post-Harvest Drip Irrigation on Sandy Soil in Central Poland
    (Polish Soc Ecological Engineering-Ptie, 2024) Rolbiecki, Roman; Rolbiecki, Stanislaw; Sadan-Ozdemir, Hicran; Figas, Anna; Wichrowska, Dorota; Jagosz, Barbara; Krakowiak-Bal, Anna
    The field experiment was conducted during the years 2006-2008 on a very light soil in central Poland in an area particularly deficient in water. The key aim of the study was the reaction of 10 European asparagus ( Asparagus officinalis L.) cultivars: Ravel, Rambo, Rally, Ramada, Rapsody, Cipres, Plaverd, Backlim, Grolim, Orane, grown for green spear production to surface drip irrigation. Drip irrigation of the asparagus plants had a positive effect both on summer stalks and green spears. A significant increase in the height, number and diameter of summer stalks, as well as an increase in the marketable yield, weight and number of green spears was observed for most of the cultivars. Both factors, the irrigation used and the asparagus cultivars, significantly modified the antioxidant content in asparagus spears. The Rapsody cultivar accumulated significantly more, and the Grolim cultivar significantly less, total polyphenols in asparagus spears at unirrigated plots. An inverse relationship was obtained in the Grolim cultivar with respect to the content of vitamin C, which accumulated the most of it under the irrigation conditions. The Ramada cultivar from irrigated plots contained significantly the highest amount of total carotenoids. In turn, the Cipres and Grolim cultivars from irrigated plots were characterized by the highest antioxidant activity.