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    Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Epilepsy Self-Management Scale for Teachers
    (Wiley, 2025) Kos, Fulya Merve; Bektas, Murat; Ayar, Dijle
    This study was conducted to develop a measurement tool to achieve epilepsy self-management in teachers and examine its Turkish psychometric properties. This descriptive, comparative, correlational, and methodological study was conducted between May and August 2022 with 346 teachers between the ages of 24 and 67 working in public schools selected by simple random sampling method among the primary schools in the province where the research was conducted. In the descriptive data analysis, numbers, percentages, and averages were used in the psychometric analysis of the scale, content validity analysis, factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, item-total correlation, and split-half method. The average age of the teachers included in the study was 31.14 + 2.27, of which 68% (n = 234) were women. In total, 90% of the teachers (n = 312) stated that they did not have the correct intervention information about epilepsy. The scale, which is a 5-point Likert type, consists of 23 items and three subdimensions. The scale's total Cronbach's alpha coefficient is 0.83, and the subdimension Cronbach's alpha values are, respectively, the first subdimension is 0.78, the second subdimension is 0.91, and the third subdimension is 0.65. Item-total score correlations ranged between 0.31 and 0.81 (p < 0.05). As a result of the exploratory factor analysis found that the three-dimensional scale explained 42% of the total variance, and the item factor loads varied between 0.38 and 0.89. As a result of the confirmatory factor analysis, the fit indices were > 0.90, and the RMSEA value was < 0.08. The primary purpose of this study is to develop the Epilepsy Self-Management Scale for Teachers.
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    Development and psychometric evaluation of the Ketogenic Diet Management Scale for Children with Epilepsy-Parent Form
    (Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Ayar, Dijle; Bektas, Murat; Unalp, Aycan; Yilmaz, Uensal; Kos, Fulya Merve; Yavuz, Merve; Parlak, Ipek Burcu
    This study was conducted to develop a measurement tool to achieve ketogenic diet management in parents of children with epilepsy and examine its Turkish psychometric properties. The study was conducted on 317 parents using a descriptive correlational method. Data analysis and evaluation were performed using factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, and item - total score correlation. The scale consists of 20 items and unidimensional factor. As a result of the exploratory factor analysis, the total explained variance of the unidimensional factor was 63.809%. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the scale was 0.971. The four-weeks test-retest reliability evaluated with intra-class correlation was 0.87. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated, the model fit index results were recorded as follows: 0.95 as the Goodness-of-Fit Index; comparative fit index, 0.96 and normed fit index, 0.94. The study determined that the Ketogenic Diet Management Scale for Children with Epilepsy-Parent Form is a measurement tool that can be used by health professionals and that is used to evaluate parents' ketogenic diet knowledge.
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    Öğretmenlerin Epilepsiye Yönelik Bilgi ve Tutumlarına Eğitimsel Müdahalelerin Etkisi: Sistematik Derleme ve Meta Analiz
    (2026) Kos, Fulya Merve; Bektas, Murat; Ayar, Dijle
    Bu çalışma öğretmenlere uygulanan eğitimsel müdahalelerin öğretmenlerin epilepsiye yönelik bilgi ve tutumlarına etkisini değerlendirmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışma için Ocak 2000 ile Temmuz 2024 tarihleri arasında kapsamlı bir literatür taraması yapılmıştır (Cochrane, Pubmed, Science Direct, Web of science, EBSCOHost, Embase/Elsevier ve Google Scholar). Arama sürecinde “öğretmen”, “epilepsi”, “bilgi”, “tutum” ve “eğitim müdahaleleri” kelime kombinasyonları kullanılmıştır. Genel etki büyüklüğü, heterojenlik testleri, yayın yanlılığı ve duyarlılık analizleri rastgele etkiler modeli ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veri analizi için Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (CMA 3.0) kullanılmıştır. Homojenlik testi sonuçlarına göre bilgi için Q, I2 ve Tau değerleri sırasıyla 205,797- 98,056 ve 2,331, p<0.01, tutum için ise sırasıyla 36,001- 91,667 ve 0,193, p<0.01 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Yayın yanlılığı testi sonucu her iki değişken için de yayın yanlılığının olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlara göre, %95 GA içindeki ortalama etki büyüklükleri dikkate alındığında öğretmenlere uygulanan eğitimsel müdahalelerin öğretmenlerin epilepsiye yönelik bilgi ve tutumlarına pozitif ve yüksek düzeyde bir etki büyüklüğüne sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir (p<0,05). Öğretmenlere yönelik uygulanan eğitimsel müdahalelerin öğretmenlerin epilepsiye yönelik bilgisini arttırdığına ve tutumunu olumlu yönde değiştirdiğine dair güçlü kanıtlar bulunmaktadır.
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    The effect of a web-based epilepsy education program developed for teachers on their knowledge, attitudes, and self-management
    (Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2025) Kos, Fulya Merve; Bektas, Murat; Ayar, Dijle
    Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a web-based epilepsy education program developed for primary school teachers on their epilepsy-related knowledge, attitudes, and self-management skills. Design and methods: A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design was employed. The study was conducted with 108 teachers (n = 54 intervention, n = 54 control) from four primary schools affiliated with a Provincial Directorate of National Education located in the western region of Turkey. While the control group continued with the standard curriculum, the intervention group received a 12-week web-based epilepsy education program. Data were collected at 3 and 6 months post-intervention using the Descriptive Information Form, the Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Epilepsy Among School Teachers Scale, and the Epilepsy Self-Management Scale for Teachers. Data analysis included one-way and multiple ANOVA, independent samples t-tests, and Bonferroni post hoc comparisons. Results: No significant differences were found between the intervention and control groups in terms of socio-demographic characteristics (p > 0.05). After the intervention, the intervention group showed significantly higher mean scores in epilepsy knowledge, attitudes, and self-management compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Within-group analyses also revealed statistically significant improvements in all three outcome measures among teachers in the intervention group over time (p < 0.05). Conclusions and implications for practice: The web-based epilepsy education program was found to be an effective, accessible, and user-friendly tool for improving teachers' knowledge and attitudes about epilepsy, as well as enhancing their self-management skills in responding to epilepsy-related situations. Integrating such programs into teacher training may contribute to safer school environments and improved care continuity for children with epilepsy.
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    The effect of illness-related fears of parents of children with epilepsy during the COVID-19 period on their children ' s seizure self-ef fi cacy
    (Elsevier France-Editions Scientifiques Medicales Elsevier, 2024) Ayar, Dijle; Bektas, Murat; Unalp, Aycan; Yilmaz, Unsal; Kos, Fulya Merve; Okur, Tuncay Derya; Kirkgoz, Hatice Hilal
    Background: Seizure -related self -efficacy is the belief individuals have that they can perform the necessary actions to cope effectively with their seizures. Determining, developing, strengthening, and maintaining the perception of self -efficacy in children with epilepsy facilitates the child 's disease management and their ability to cope with it. This study aimed to assess the impact of epilepsy -related parental fears during the COVID19 period on the seizure self -efficacy of their children. Methods: A total of 321 children with epilepsy and their parents participated in this descriptive, correlational, and cross-sectional study. Data were collected through the Descriptive Information Form, the Seizure SelfEfficacy Scale for Children (SSES-C), and the Epilepsy -Related Fears in Parents Questionnaire (EFPQ). Descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentage, and mean scores, were used to analyze the characteristics of the children and their parents. The Shapiro -Wilk test was utilized to assess the normality of the scale data. Pearson correlation analysis examined the relationship between parents ' epilepsy -related fears and their children 's seizure self -efficacy, while multiple regression analysis determined the effect of parental fears on children 's seizure self -efficacy. Results: The mean age of children included in the study was 12.65 2.37 years. Analysis revealed a strong and significant negative correlation between parents ' epilepsy -related fears during the COVID-19 period and the seizure self -efficacy of their children. In the model created with regression analysis, The mean scores of parents on the short-term fears of parents about epilepsy of the EFPQ explained 85 % of children 's seizure self -efficacy. The mean scores of parents on the long-term fears of parents about epilepsy of the EFPQ explained 85 % of children 's seizure self -efficacy. It was determined that all of these variables together explained 85 % of the seizure self -efficacy of children with epilepsy. Conclusion: The findings of the study underscore the importance of addressing parents ' fears regarding epilepsy, emphasizing the need for healthcare professionals to be aware of and provide support for these concerns. Future studies should focus on interventions to enhance the seizure self -efficacy of children with epilepsy. (c) 2024 French Society of Pediatrics. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
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    The effect of mother's voice and music therapy on pain and physiological parameters during the endotracheal suctioning procedure: A randomized controlled study
    (Elsevier Science Inc, 2025) Kos, Fulya Merve; Bekta, Murat; Bekta, Ilknur; Ayar, Dijle; Metin, Sadik Kivanc
    Objective: This study aimed to examine the effects of maternal voice and music therapy on pain and physiological parameters during the endotracheal suctioning process in intubated children. Design: The study was a single-centre, randomized controlled trial. Setting: The Thoracic-Cardiovascular Surgery Intensive Care Unit of a University Hospital in Turkey. Methods: This study involved three groups of 27 children, aged between 2 and 36 months. All three groups, including the control group (CG), received the standard suction protocol before, during, and after each intervention. Additionally, the children in the music therapy (MT) group listened to music titled 'The Happiest Child', while the children in the mother's voice (MV) group listened to recordings of their mothers' voices. The variables assessed are pain and physiological parameters. Results: When the pain results of the children were evaluated, the pain score of the children in the control group was found to be significantly higher than children in the mother's voice and music voice group (p < .05). It was determined that the lowest FLACC Pain Scale value was in the mother's voice group (p < .05). When the physiological parameters results were evaluated, it was determined that the physiological measurement values of the children in the experimental group were positively affected (p < .05), there was a significant difference between the control group (p < .05) and the most effective result was in the mother's voice group (p < .05). Conclusions: The application of mother's voice and music therapy to children before, during and after the aspiration procedure reduces the pain of children, positively affects their physiological parameters and improves the quality of nursing care. Implications for clinical practice: This study provides a scientific basis for nursing practices in clinical settings and contributes to clinical practice by shedding light on future evidence-based studies. (c) 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.
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    The effect of parental phubbing on adolescents' smartphone addiction and phubbing behavior
    (Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2025) Kos, Fulya Merve; Akdeniz Kudubes, Asli; Ayar, Dijle; Kudubes, Ismet Emir; Bektas, Murat
    Parental phubbing, defined as parents' tendency to ignore their children by focusing on smartphones, has emerged as a potential risk factor for adolescents' psychosocial development and technology-related behaviors. This descriptive, correlational and cross-sectional study examined the associations between parental phubbing, adolescents' smartphone addiction, and phubbing behavior. Participants were 561 adolescents aged 14-17 years and their parents, recruited from high schools between November 2024 and July 2025. Validated instruments assessed parental phubbing, adolescent phubbing, and smartphone usage patterns. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted, adjusting for daily internet use and parental smartphone use. Findings indicated that parental phubbing significantly predicted adolescent phubbing (beta = 0.521, p < .001) and, to a lesser extent, smartphone addiction (beta = 0.093, p < .05). Daily internet usage emerged as a stronger predictor than parental smartphone use for both outcomes. The final models explained 27.9% of the variance in adolescent phubbing and 1.5% in smartphone addiction. These results highlight the reciprocal nature of digital behaviors within families, suggesting that adolescents may model their smartphone use after parental patterns. From a psychological perspective, the findings emphasize the importance of addressing family communication and parental technology habits. Family-focused psychoeducational programs and awareness initiatives may help reduce parental phubbing, enhance parent - child interactions, and support adolescents' psychological adjustment in the digital age.