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    Beyond tokenism: Breaking the men's circle for gender equality at male-dominated jobs
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2025) Kocanci, Mustafa; Aksoy, Beyhan; Namal, Mete Kaan
    In T & uuml;rkiye, various efforts are being undertaken by public, private sector, and civil society initiatives to ensure gender equality in the workplace. However, significant steps remain to achieve full equality between women and men. This study aims to understand the impacts of organizational gender equality efforts on employees. To achieve this, it examines a project implemented to increase women's employment in male-dominated professions and evaluates the outcomes generated by this initiative. In the study, participants were selected using a purposive sampling method, comprising women working in male-dominated occupations and operating heavy machinery, and focus group interviews were conducted. The data were subjected to constant comparative and content analysis. In the study, 133 expressions were grouped under 13 different codes, and these codes were evaluated under the themes of gender equalities, conflicts and organizational issues, and women's specific struggles. According to the research findings, the current situation of women employed to increase the proportion of women in male-dominated jobs within the scope of the organization's gender equality policies is explained by the phenomenon of tokenism. Furthermore, it was observed that participants experienced gender inequalities shaped by the traditional gender roles and attitudes of managers and male colleagues. These inequalities arise from insufficient regulation of key processes like training, promotion, and resource allocation, exacerbating women's workplace struggles. These organizational deficiencies are reinforced by sexist attitudes and manifest as a solidarity pattern among men, which we conceptualize in this study as the men's circle, exhibiting a high tendency towards normalization. In the conclusion, individual, organizational, and socio-cultural ways of breaking the men's circle that fosters tokenism are discussed.
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    The Dark Side of Aesthetic Labor: Ethics and The Atmosphere of Sexual Harassment
    (Sage Publications Inc, 2025) Kocanci, Mustafa; Yazar, Tu ce Duygu; Namal, Mete Kaan; Aksoy, Beyhan
    This study examines the socio-cultural and economic dimensions of aesthetic labor, focusing on the conditions that foster a climate of sexual harassment within the workplace and how workers engaged in such labor respond to it. The research interprets the interconnections between aesthetic labor and related concepts, particularly the embedded patriarchal codes within aesthetic labor. Through in-depth interviews with 37 women working in the entertainment industry, the study provides a descriptive analysis of how the dimensions of aesthetic labor contribute to creating environments that are conducive to sexual harassment. Findings suggest that women in this sector often perceive harassment as an inherent part of their jobs and develop various coping mechanisms. Furthermore, the study reveals that businesses frequently adopt patriarchal responses to harassment or disregard it altogether due to concerns about profitability and competitiveness, thus normalizing sexual harassment and perpetuating a hostile work environment. This study argues that, by situating aesthetic labor within broader discussions on work ethics, such labor practices not only commodify the female body but also intensify gender-based vulnerabilities in service delivery processes, particularly in the entertainment industry. The research calls for ethical and policy interventions to safeguard workers' dignity and counter the normalization of harassment, advocating for accountability that respects work ethics and promotes safer environments.