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    Öğe
    Anterior cerebral artery infarcts; Two years follow-up study
    (Literatura Medica, 2018) Hanoğlu, Lütfü; Khanmammadov, Elmir; Demirci, Sema; Altın, Ummuhan; Kırbaş, Dursun; Hanoğlu, Taha; Yuluğ, Burak
    Objectives - Anterior cerebral infarct (ACA) infarcts are reported very rare that is due to the compensatory collateral circulation provided by the anterior communicating artery. There are very few studies reporting the long-term follow-up results of ACA infarcts regarding their aetiology, clinical features and prognosis. Most studies reported in the literature vary between several months to one year. Patients and methods - A total of 27 patients with ACA infarcts were registered (14 women and 13 men). The mean age of the patients was 68.5 (age range: 45-89 years). Results - Bilateral ACA infarcts were reported in four patients (14.8%), right ACA infarct in 11 (40%) patients and left ACA infarct in 12 patients (44%). During the initial examination 15 patients (55.5%) were found to have apathy, 13 patients (48%) had incontinence, nine patients (33.3%) had primitive reflexes, 11 patients (40.7%) had aphasia, while six patients (22.2%) were found to suffer from neglect. At the end of one-year follow-up, five patients (22.7%) were reported to have apathy, 6 patients (27.2%) had incontinence, one patient (4.5%) had primitive reflexes, while one patient (4.5%) was found to have permanent aphasia, and no patients was found to suffer from neglect. Conclusion - Here we present our clinical data regarding the aetiology, specific clinical characteristics (including the speech disorders) and prognosis of 27 patients with ACA infarcts during a relatively longer follow-up period (3 months - 30 months) in compared to previous literature. We show that there are differences in the etiological factors of ACA infarcts between the Asian and European communities. Regarding speech disorders which are frequently reported during ACA infarcts, our study results are in agreement with other studies suggesting that this clinical picture is more than a real aphasia and associated with general hypokinesia and reduction in psychomotor activity.
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    Öğe
    Beyond the therapeutic effect of rTMS in alzheimer's disease: A possible neuroprotective role of hippocampal BDNF?: A minireview
    (Bentham Science Publ Ltd, 2018) Yuluğ, Burak; Hanoğlu, Lütfü; Khanmammadov, Elmir; Düz, Özge Ariel; Polat, Burcu; Hanoğlu, Taha; Kılıç, Ertuğrul
    Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a well known non-invasive brain stimulation procedure which is capable of inducing the expression of the hippocampal BDNF that has been already shown to exert significant neuroprotective and pro-cognitive effects in AD. However, it is nearly impossible directly to evaluate the BDNF expression in humans after rTMS application. Here we summarized the underlying mechanisms of the neuroprotective and procognitive effect of BDNF that can be induced through a region-specific rTMS approach. Additionally, we have also evaluated the role of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in monitoring the BDNF response after rTMS application in Alzheimer's Disease. We have provided strong evidence that rTMS exerts significant neuroprotective and pro-cognitive effects through the expression of hippocampal BDNF. Furthermore, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy might play a critical role in monitoring the BDNF response after rTMS application in AD patients. Such a sophisticated approach might be able to enlighten us on the time-dependent cognitive and neuroprotective correlates of the rtMS application in AD patients.