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Öğe Akdeniz bölgesinde bulunan sulama şebekelerinin kalite indeksi ile değerlendirilmesi(2019) Değirmenci, Hasan; Kartal, SinanAmaç: Bu çalışmada Akdeniz bölgesinde bulunan sulama şebekeleri performanslarının kalite indeksi yöntemi ile değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır. Yöntemler ve Bulgular: Bu çalışma, Akdeniz Bölgesi’nde Devlet Su İşleri (DSİ) 6. Bölgede bulunan 17 sulama şebekesinde yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada 2006-2016 arasındaki veriler kullanılmıştır. Toplam 16 performans göstergesi kullanılmıştır (su dağıtım, finansal ve üretim etkinlik göstergeleri). Sulama şebekelerini değerlendirmek amacıyla temel bileşenler analizi ve kalite indeksi kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, sulama şebekelerinin performansına en çok etki eden göstergeler temel bileşenler analizi ile belirlenmiştir. Kalite indeksi ise sulama şebekelerinin başarı sıralaması amacıyla kullanılmıştır. On bir yıllık verilerin ortalama değerlerine göre, Ceyhan sulamasında sulama oranı %86.25, Düziçi Sabunsuyu sulamasında su temin oranı 4.71, Anamur sulamasında birim sulanan alan üretim değeri 23866 $ ha-1 , Samandağ sulamasında birim sulama alanına düşen işletme, yönetim ve bakım masrafları 502 $ ha-1 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Genel Yorum: Kalite indeksine göre, Bozyazı, Silifke ve Anamur sulama şebekeleri en yüksek performans değerlerine sahipken, Karaisalı, Mut ve Düziçi Sabunsuyu sulama şebekeleri en düşük performans değerlerine sahiptir. Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Yapılan çalışma sonucunda, su iletim kanalları ve sulama yöntemlerinin geliştirilmesi ile sulama performansının aratabileceği belirlenmiştir.Öğe Antalya bölgesi sulama şebekelerinin değerlendirilmesi(2020) Kartal, Sinan; Değirmenci, HasanBu çalışmada, Antalya bölgesinde bulunan 13 sulama şebekesi 2006-2016 yıllarına ait 11 yıllık veriler ile değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada su dağıtım, finansal ve tarımsal etkinlik göstergeleri kullanılmıştır. Sulama şebekelerinin performanslarının belirlenmesi ve karşılaştırılmasında korelasyon analizi, temel bileşenler analizi yapılmış ve sulama şebekelerinin kalite indeksleri belirlenmiştir. Yapılan performans değerlendirilmesinde her bir göstergeye ait 11 yıllık veri kullanılarak ortalama ve standart sapma değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Bu verilere göre sulama oranı en yüksek %82.21 ile Korkuteli sulamasında, birim sulanan alana dağıtılan toplam sulama suyu miktarı en düşük 5532.32 m3 ha-1 ile Mursal sulamasında bulunmuştur. Su temin oranı 3.74 ile en yüksek Alara sulamasında, fayda masraf oranı 0.76 olarak en düşük Manavgat sulamasında, birim sulanan alan üretim değeri 1855.53 $ ha-1 ile en yüksek Çıplaklı sulamasında gerçekleşmiştir. Birim şebekeye alınan sulama suyu üretim değeri en yüksek 2.90 $ m-3 ile Çıplaklı sulamasında hesaplanmıştır. Tüm performans göstergeleri faktör analizi kullanılarak tek bir sayıya (kalite indeksi değeri) indirgenmiştir. Bu indekse göre sulama şebekeleri, başarı sıralamasına tabi tutulmuştur. Yapılan kalite indeksi sıralamasında Korkuteli sulaması 1523.91 ile ilk sırada yer alırken Manavgat sulaması -514.38 ile son sırada yer almıştır. Araştırma sonucunda sulama şebekelerinin başarısına en fazla tarımsal etkinlik göstergelerinin etkili olduğu görülmüştür.Öğe Comparison of methods used in predicting irrigation performance indicators(2021) Kartal, Sinan; Arslan, FıratDecreasing availability of water and increasing consumption of it in recent years shows water management plans increase its value. Depending on water consumption in the current and previous years, it is important to predict water consumption in the coming years and make plans accordingly. Evaluation of the performance of water use in agriculture, identifying water resources that are most intensively used and prediction of the potential performance in the coming years have become increasingly important. Irrigation water management is of crucial importance for sustainable food security and needs to plan for saving water due to global warming and climate change in future. Some statistical methods such as regression and time-series to make accurate predictions are used to predict future irrigation management. However which methods are most suitable in this area is a gap in previous studies. This study aimed to determine the most accurate prediction method based on a comparison of the methods used in irrigation performance such as regression, time-series exponential smoothing and time-series ARIMA (autoregressive integrated moving average) model. In the study, Kahramanmaraş region was randomly selected and the irrigation data of 2006–2018 were used and the data of 2006–2017 were analysed to predict the data of 2018. Then, the values predicted using the methods were evaluated based on the actual values of 2018, and the method that projected values similar to the actual values was determined. The study results showed that the regression method gave the best predictions for the indicators in the water distribution dimension, while the time-series exponential smoothing method gave the best predictions for the indicators in the financial and agricultural activities dimension.Öğe Estimation of future irrigation performance with times series analysis: a case study of Andırın, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey(2021) Kartal, SinanPerformance indicators are used to identify the weaknesses and strengths of irrigation schemes. Until now, evaluations havebeen made using several different statistical methods to determine the performance of irrigation schemes. However, these methodsshowed the current performance of irrigation schemes and the statistical relationship between them. It is planned to provide adaptationof irrigation networks to climate change with state policies. Therefore, it is of great importance to estimate the future performanceof irrigation schemes. In this study, the future irrigation performance of the Andırın irrigation scheme in Kahramanmaraş provinceAndırın district was estimated using time series forecasting method. Using the data of the Andırın irrigation scheme between 2006and 2019, the selected performance indicators were estimated until 2025. When examining the results, they suggest that the irrigationscheme has not shown consistency in the past years, so the future performance of the irrigation scheme may be adversely affected.The high amount of irrigation water distributed to per unit irrigated area in this irrigation scheme will result in poor performance insubsequent years if measures such as modernization, transition to pressurized system and modern irrigation methods are not taken andimprovements are not made in the future.Öğe Evaluation of some Water, Energy and Financial Indicators: A Case Study of Esenli Water User Association in Yozgat, Türkiye(2023) Kartal, Sinan; Degırmencı, Hasan; Arslan, Fırat; , İsmail GizlenciEnergy is one of the most important inputs for pressurized irrigation systems in the world’s agriculture sector. As in all areas of life, energy used in irrigation has become an important research subject for researchers. In studies performed with performance indicators in Türkiye, the use of energy indicators is limited. The scarcity of energy resources makes the efficiency of energy used in irrigation schemes extremely important. This study evaluated the performance of a pressurized irrigation scheme in the Yozgat water, energy and financial indicatorsater, energy and financial. The data obtained were compared with other countries in the Mediterranean region. As a result, it was concluded that, on average, the irrigation rate was 39%, annual irrigation water supply per unit irrigated area was 8229 m3 ha?1, specific energy was 0.33 kWh m?3, energy consumed per unit irrigated was 2671 kWh ha?1, total maintenance, operation and management cost per unit irrigation water supply was 403 € ha?1 in the years (2008-2017) when the study was conducted. The finding showed that the specific energy value was about three times lower than in other countries. However, when the energy consumed per unit in the irrigated area was examined, it was found that the irrigation scheme has a high consumption of energy.Öğe Evaluation of some Water, Energy and Financial Indicators: A Case Study of Esenli Water User Association in Yozgat, Turkiye(Galenos Publ House, 2023) Kartal, Sinan; Degirmenci, Hasan; Arslan, Firat; Gizlenci, IsmailEnergy is one of the most important inputs for pressurized irrigation systems in the world's agriculture sector. As in all areas of life, energy used in irrigation has become an important research subject for researchers. In studies performed with performance indicators in Turkiye, the use of energy indicators is limited. The scarcity of energy resources makes the efficiency of energy used in irrigation schemes extremely important. This study evaluated the performance of a pressurized irrigation scheme with water, energy and financial indicators in Yozgat. The data obtained were compared with other countries in the Mediterranean region. As a result, it was concluded that, on average, the irrigation rate was 39%, annual irrigation water supply per unit irrigated area was 8229 m3 ha-1, specific energy was 0.33 kWh m-3, energy consumed per unit irrigated was 2671 kWh ha-1, total maintenance, operation and management cost per unit irrigation water supply was 403 euro ha-1 in the years (2008-2017) when the study was conducted. The finding showed that the specific energy value was about three times lower than in other countries. However, when the energy consumed per unit in the irrigated area was examined, it was found that the irrigation scheme has a high consumption of energy.Öğe Forecasting future performance of irrigation schemes: The case of Bergama(2021) Kartal, SinanPotential outputs of irrigation should be put forth to improve the yields in agricultural practices. Available water resources should efficiently be used to improve yields and inputs should be minimized. Performance assessment of irrigation schemes is an importance issue for improved yields and to take relevant measured. Statistical methods are used for performance assessment of irrigation schemes with the use of various indicators. Forecasts for future performance of irrigation shames will facilitate the steps to be taken by decision-makers to improve performance. In this study, time series – ARIMA method was used to forecast future performance of Bergama irrigation scheme for 2017-2021 period. The indicator values of annual irrigation water supply per unit command area, output per unit command area and total expenditure per unit command area for 2006-2017 period were used to estimate performance indicators for 2017-2021 period. In 2021, at 95% probability, the lowest annual irrigation water supply per unit-command area was calculated as 4365.10 m3 ha-1 and the highest as 16835.69 m3 ha-1 ; the lowest output per unit command area was calculated as -5076.10 € ha-1 and the highest as 10401.2 € ha-1 ; the lowest total expenditure per unit command area was calculated as -2200.41 € ha-1 and the highest as 1866.31 € ha-1 . Present forecasts of time series -ARIMA method with the use of data of 2006-2016 period revealed that annual irrigation water supply per unit-command area and output per unit command area will increase and total expenditure per unit command area will decrease in years.Öğe Kernel density analysis of parcel size and shapes before and after land consolidation: A case study from Asağısümenli village in Malatya, Turkey(Ankara Univ, Fac Agr, 2020) Arslan, Fırat; Değirmenci, Hasan; Kartal, SinanLand consolidation (LC) projects are a set of applications that improve the economics of enterprises by assembling fragmented, dispersed, and irregular parcels. As the parcel densities coalesce around the village centre, the operation becomes easier, and fuel costs are reduced. Besides, the size of the parcel is one of the most important factors that increase the income of the enterprises, as well as the plant pattern, agricultural production form, soil quality, talents, labour force and technology features. The aim of the current study conducted within Asagisumenli LC project in Malatya, Turkey, was to assess the density of small parcels around the village centre by using kernel density analysis as one of the geospatial analyses and to investigate the spatial distribution of irregular parcels with shape index. To identify the smallest parcels spatial distribution, 50%, 75% and 90% bandwidths were determined. Before LC, the average parcel area within 50%, 75% and 90% bandwidth was 0.69, 0.93 and 1.07 ha; after LC was 0.89, 1.45 and 1.63 ha, respectively. The area averages of parcels between 50% and 75% bandwidths before LC were 1.79 between 75% and 90% bandwidths and 4.77 ha out of 90% bandwidth; after LC, 1.60, 2.47 and 3.13 ha, respectively. As a result, the small parcels after LC were more concentrated around the village centre than before LC. Moreover, it can be said that the density of the small rectangular shaped parcels around the centre of the village is a positive result in terms of reducing the operation cost.Öğe Mapping performance of irrigation schemes in turkey(Eesti Pollumajandusulikool, 2020) Arslan, Fırat; Değirmenci, Hasan; Kartal, Sinan; Alcon, F.Water is a crucial resource and approximately 70% usage of it in the agriculture sector in Turkey. Water user associations are in charge of irrigation water management. The core aim of this study is to assess water user associations have command area more than 1,000 ha (WUAs) within the districts of DSI (State Hydraulic Works) and to create spatial maps to show the distribution of the performance indicators used constantly by researchers especially around Mediterranean countries during the period from 2011 to 2015. Frequency and panel data analysis are used to figure out the relationship among performance indicators and attributes such as water diversion type, management type, source of water and district no. Panel data analysis was applied to examine statistical assessment over time. As a result, current performance indicators show that excessive irrigation water used due to low technology and management problem. Performance indicators show high differences among districts due to climate, water resources, and crop pattern. Moreover, low irrigation efficiency can be increased with a transition to pressurized irrigation systems, so more are can be irrigated with less water. © 2020, Eesti Pollumajandusulikool. All rights reserved.Öğe Sera işletmelerinde ortaya çıkan tarımsal atıkların neden olacağı çevre sorunlarının belirlenmesi ve çözüm önerileri(2019) Boyacı, Sedat; Kartal, SinanAmaç: Bu çalışmada, Antalya ili Kumluca ilçesinde bulunan sera işletmelerinde ortaya çıkan ve çevre üzerinde etkili olan kirletici faktörlerin (plastik örtü malzemeleri, kimyasal gübre ve ilaç kutuları, hasat sonrası atıklar ve damla sulama lateralleri) kullanım ömrü sonunda değerlendirilme şekli ve çevresel etkilerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Yöntemler ve Bulgular: Bu amaçla 122 adet sera işletmesinde anketler yapılmıştır. Elde edilen bilgiler yardımıyla sera işletmelerinin %97.5’inin yan duvar ve çatıda örtü malzemesi olarak polietilen plastik kullanıldığı belirlenmiştir. Örtü malzemesinin kullanım ömrü sonunda %4.92 oranında yakıldığı veya çöp kutularına atıldığı belirlenmiştir. Isıtma yapılan seralarda yakıt türü olarak odun ve kömür kullanıldığı, bu yakıtlardan çıkan atıkların ise %61.02’sinin çöp kutularına, %38.98’inin ise sera dışında açık alanlara atıldığı belirlenmiştir. İşletmelerde kullanılan gübre poşetlerinin %47.45, ilaç kutularının ise %82.79 oranında çöp kutularına atıldığı veya yakıldığı belirlenmiştir. Budamadan çıkan bitkisel atıkların %95.90’ının ve hasattan çıkan atıkların ise %88.52’sinin doğaya ve atmosfere zarar verecek şekilde bertaraf edildiği belirlenmiştir. Işletmelerde kullanım ömrü sona eren damla sulama laterallerinin %6.56’sının yakıldığı ve çöp kutularına atıldığı belirlenmiştir. Genel Yorum: Çalışma sonucunda, plastik ve bitkisel atıkların oluşturacağı çevresel kirliliğinin önüne geçilmesi amacıyla plastiklerin geri dönüştürülmesi, bitkisel atıkların kompostlaştırılması ve bölgede tarımsal atık toplama merkezlerinin oluştulması işletmelerde atıkların neden olacağı olumsuz çevresel etkilerin en aza indirilmesine katkı sağlayacaktır. Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Sera işletmelerinde biyolojik olarak parçalanabilir plastik malzemelerin yapımı için bilimsel araştırma çalışmalarının desteklenmesi çevre kirliliğinin azaltılması ve sürdürülebilir bir seracılık bakımından oldukça önemlidir.Öğe Sulama Şebekelerinde Bakım Performansının Değerlendirilmesi: Yozgat İli Örneği(2021) Kartal, Sinan; Arslan, Fırat; Değirmenci, HasanBu çalışmada Yozgat İlinde bulunan 8 sulama birliğinin bakım performansları (Planlanan bakımın gerçekleşme oranı (%),Bakım masrafının sulanan alana oranı (€ ha-1), Bakım masrafının sulama alanına oranı (€ ha-1), Bakım masrafının toplam gelireoranı (%), Bakım masrafının toplam gidere oranı (%), Finansal yeterlilik (%)) değerlendirilmiştir. Planlanan bakımın gerçekleşmeoranı en yüksek (%77.7) 2017 yılında Köseli, en düşük ise Sekili sulama birliğinde (%1.3) gerçekleşmiştir. Bakım masrafınınsulanan alana oranı göstergesine göre en yüksek birim sulanan alana yapılan masraf, 2017 yılında Çaydoğan’da (58.2 € ha-1), endüşük ise 0.4 € ha-1ile Sekili sulama birliğinde yapılmıştır. Sulama şebekelerinde bakım masrafının toplam gelire oranı en yüksek2017 yılında %29.2 ile Köseli’de, en düşük ise %0.4 ile Sekili sulamasında elde edilmiştir. Finansal yeterlilik oranı %48 ile endüşük paşaköyde bulunurken %312 ile en yüksek sekilide bulunmuştur. Çalışma yapılan sulama şebekelerinde planlanan işletmebakım bütçelerinin planlanana uygun biçimde olmadığı görülmüştür. Bir sulama birliğinde, ihtiyaç duyulan temel bakımmasraflarının yapılanması sulama performansını olumlu yönde etkilemektedir.Öğe Sustainability of collective irrigation under water competition between agriculture and civil uses: The case study of Alanya Water Users Association (Türkiye)(Elsevier, 2024) Arslan, Firat; Alcon, Francisco; Kartal, Sinan; Erdogan, Kubilay; Zema, Demetrio AntonioThis study explores the patterns of sustainable use and management of competing water sectors in the Alanya Water Users Association (WUA) in Southern T & uuml;rkiye, over eight years (2013-2020) before the SARS-CoV-19 pandemic, focusing on the impacts of the recorded huge growth of tourism. Performance indicators of collective irrigation services are used to identify performance patterns and trends over time. The analysis has revealed a notable increase in water consumption for agricultural activities (+30 %), driven by the cultivation of tropical fruits, without a proportional rise in crop production. Concurrently, effective financial management is observed in the WUA, with a consistent reduction in unit Management, Operation and Maintenance costs (-40-70 %). Additionally, the total water demand has surged (+100 %) due to population growth and tourist flux. However, this increase has tensioned water delivery to crops, indicating higher pressures over water availability for all uses. The study has identified three distinct patterns in the technical, financial, and socio-economic performance of the WUA, particularly highlighting the last four years of increased water usage and the disruption caused by the SARS-CoV-19 pandemic in 2020. Despite the current adequacy of water resources, optimized strategies for water management are advocated to address anticipated demographic growth, the introduction of tropical crops and the environmental impacts of climate change.Öğe WATER MANAGEMENT EFFECT ON TROPICAL FRUITS: CASE STUDY OF ALANYA, TURKEY(Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2023) Arslan, Fırat; Kartal, SinanWater is the source of life and is consumed mostly for agricultural purposes. Limited water is always a question in the Mediterranean region due to drought and climate change. Irrigation water requirement changes according to the crop pattern which is totally related to farmer decisions. Alanya is a town where tropical fruit cultivation area has increased dramatically as well as irrigation water requirements. Especially, bananas and avocados have become the most popular plants after citrus trees. The evapotranspiration of tropical fruits is higher than many other plants. For this reason, water becomes more valuable in the region due to limited water resources and irregular precipitation. In addition, rapid urbanization and tourism are the other big questions that cause the shift of agricultural areas to other areas, resulting in inadequate irrigation systems. Banana and avocado producers installed high technology of irrigation methods, such as drip and mini sprinkler systems. However, they do not measure the volume of irrigation water and still consume excessive water. In this study, social and technical precautions are taken by water authorities in the region for agricultural water management related to tropical fruit production. Data are obtained from the Agriculture Municipality and State Hydraulic Works and analysed by SWOT. As a result, the main findings are that irrigation water should be calculated, water volume should be measured at the farm level, and agricultural extension and consultancy should be increased for farmers’ education. © 2023 Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. All rights reserved.
