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    Changes in Gingival Crevicular Fluid Endocan (ESM-1) Levels as a Potential Biomarker After Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment in Periodontitis Patients
    (Mdpi, 2025) Karci, Bilge; Sokmen, Kevser
    Background: This study aimed to investigate endocan (ESM-1) levels in periodontitis patients before and after non-surgical periodontal treatment by analyzing the relationship between vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Methods: This study included 26 periodontally healthy people as controls (Group 1) and 27 patients with Stage III-Grade B periodontitis (Group 2). Demographic and periodontal variables were assessed. GCF samples were collected from every subject both before and 6 weeks following non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT). Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent test, biomarker levels were determined. Results: The periodontitis patients showed higher ESM-1 levels than the controls, although the difference was not significant (p > 0.005). The ESM-1 levels decreased significantly after treatment (p = 0.001). The VEGF-A levels did not differ significantly between the periodontitis patients and controls (p > 0.005) and decreased non-significantly following treatment (p > 0.005). The TNF-alpha levels were significantly higher in the periodontitis patients than the controls (p = 0.000) and decreased significantly after treatment (p = 0.000). A significant correlation was found between TNF-alpha and both probing depth (PD) and interproximal clinical attachment level (iCAL) in the control group (p < 0.05). In the periodontitis group, the VEGF levels were significantly correlated with the gingival index (GI) (p < 0.05). Significant correlations were identified between ESM-1 and VEGF-A and ESM-1 and TNF-alpha, as well as VEGF-A and TNF-alpha, in both the control group and following treatment (p < 0.05). Conclusions: ESM-1 and TNF-alpha levels decreased with non-surgical periodontal treatment in GCF. Within the limits of the study, the findings suggest that ESM-1 levels in periodontal tissues may be an indicator of periodontal disease.
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    Comparison of growth factor levels in injectable platelet-rich fibrin obtained from healthy individuals and patients with chronic periodontitis: a pilot study
    (Bmc, 2024) Karci, Bilge; Savas, Hasan Basri
    Background This study aimed to assess and compare the concentrations of growth factors, white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets in injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) derived from people with healthy periodontal conditions and those with chronic periodontitis.Methods Venous blood samples were obtained from 30 patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis (test group) and 30 participants with healthy periodontal conditions (control group). The i-PRF was then acquired from centrifuged blood. The growth factors (VEGF, IGF-1, TGF-beta 1, PDGF-BB and EGF) released from the i-PRF samples were compared between groups with ELISA testing. The amounts of WBCs and platelets were also compared.Results No significant differences in the concentrations of growth factors were found between the groups (the mean values for the control and test groups were, respectively: IGF: 38.82, 42.46; PDGF: 414.25, 466.28; VEGF: 375.69, 412.18; TGF-beta 1: 21.50, 26.21; EGF: 138.62, 154.82). The test group exhibited a significantly higher WBC count than the control group (8.80 vs. 6.60, respectively). However, the platelet count did not show a statistically significant difference between the groups (control group 242.0 vs. test group 262.50). No significant correlation was observed between WBC count and growth factor level in either group.Conclusions The growth factor levels in i-PRFs did not exhibit significant difference between the two groups. This suggests that the levels of these growth factors may be unaffected by the periodontal disease.
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    Determining the relationship between food texture and dental condition: First bite and chewing aspects
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2022) Aktar, Tugba; Karci, Bilge; Yucel, Hande Citir; Ergin, Firuze
    Among the sensory properties of foods, texture perception is a complex modality due to catastrophic changes during eating. Relating dental conditions and capacity of texture sensation are still paucities in the literature. Different dental areas emphasize the difference in texture sensation. Anterior teeth are responsible for biting, ripping or tearing; while posterior teeth are chewing and grinding. Hence, the absence of any is expected to cause disruptions in mastication functions. The hypothesis of the present study was dental loss or missing is a burden for hardness perception for first-bite and twice chewed for anterior and posterior teeth, respectively. Patient groups were divided according to anterior-posterior tooth deficiencies and hardness sensation was assessed at first bite and twice chewed modal food (white cheese) with various hardness levels obtained with different fat content. The modal food was tested for its physicochemical, textural and sensory properties with dental assessment. Findings suggest that first-bite hardness judgements were not affected by the loss of the anterior. Oppositely, twice chewed hardness has a significant effect on the loss of a posterior tooth. These findings can indicate to future researchers to be tested according to their dental status especially if chewing is necessary for their sensory tests.
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    Effect of the Relationship of Maxillary Posterior Tooth Roots with the Maxillary Sinus on Sinus Lateral Wall Thickness: A Retrospective Cone Beam Computed Tomography Study
    (Selcuk University, 2025) Sokmen, Kevser; Karci, Bilge
    Background: This study aimed to retrospectively analyze the influence of the upper posterior teeth roots' interaction with the maxillary sinus (MS) on sinus lateral wall thickness (SLWT) as observed in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 234 MS cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images from 117 patients. Tooth roots were examined in 4 groups (Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, Type 4) according to their relationship with MS. SLWT was evaluated at a distance of 5 mm from the sinus floor. Results: In the 2nd premolar (P2), 1st molar (M1), 2nd molar (M2) tooth alignment; no statistically significant difference was found between women and men in terms of SLDK (p>0.05). Only in the M1 tooth alignment; SLWT of the 60 years old and over group was found to be significantly higher than the other age groups (p<0.05). SLWT at the alignment of P2 teeth was found to be significantly higher than the alignment of other teeth (p<0.05). The incidence of Type 1 sinus relationship in P2 teeth and Type 4 sinus relationship in M2 teeth was found to be significantly higher than the other teeth (p<0.05). SLWT in regions with Type 1 sinus relationship was found to be significantly higher than in regions with other sinus relationships (p<0.05). Conclusions: SLWT decreases from P2 teeth to M2 teeth. Type 1 sinus relationship is most common in P2 teeth, and Type 4 sinus relationship is most common in M2 teeth. SLDK decreases as the close contact of the upper posterior teeth with the MS increases. © 2025, Selcuk University. All rights reserved.
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    Evaluation of thiol/disulfide homeostasis and ischemia modified albumin as potential markers for periodontitis
    (Bmc, 2025) Karci, Bilge; Savas, Hasan Basri
    Background The current study aimed to assess the impact of periodontitis on oxidative stress parameters by examining serum total antioxidant capacity (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), thiol/ disulfide homeostasis and ischemia modified albumin (IMA). Methods The study had 90 participants, categorized into 3 groups: Group 1: Periodontally healthy; Group 2: Stage II Grade B periodontitis; Group 3: Stage III and IV Grade B periodontitis. Demographic and periodontal variables were assessed. The levels of serum TAS, TOS, OSI, IMA, and thiol/disulfide were assessed. Results No significant differences in sex and age were detected among the groups (p > 0.05). When compared to Group 1, all clinical measurements were statistically significantly greater in Group 3 (p < 0.05). Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences in serum TAS, TOS, and OSI levels among the groups (p > 0.05). The highest serum IMA value was observed in Group 3 (p = 0.037), whereas native thiol (p = 0.00), total thiol (p = 0.00) and disulfide values (p = 0.023) were highest in Group 1. Conclusions These findings indicate that thiol/disulfide homeostasis and IMA could hold promise as a potential biomarker of inflammation in periodontitis.
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    The Effect of Different Dental Implant Surface Characteristics on Bone Immunologic Biomarkers and Microbiologic Parameters: A Randomized Clinical Study
    (Quintessence Publishing Co Inc, 2021) Karci, Bilge; Oncu, Elif; Dogan, Metin
    This study assessed the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (RANK), RANK ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and levels of Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, Prevotella intermedia, and Streptococcus oralis in areas where airborne particle-abraded, large-grit, acid-etched (SLA), fluorine-modified, and anodized implant surfaces are used. A total of 71 implants from 37 patients were assessed, grouped according to the surface characteristics of the implants: SLA surface (Group 1), fluorine-modified surface (Group 2), and anodized surface (Group 3). The following clinical indices were measured: Gingival Index (GI), probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), clinical attachment level (CAL), and keratinized tissue width (KTW). Peri-implant sulcus fluid and subgingival plaque samples were also collected. Commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were purchased for measuring TNF-alpha, PGE2, RANKL, RANK, and OPG. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect P intermedia, T forsythia, T denticola, F nucleatum, P gingivalis, and S oralis levels in the subgingival biofilms. The groups showed no statistically significant differences in GI, PD, BOP, CAL, KTW, or peri-implant status. The total amounts of PGE2, TNF-alpha, RANKL, RANK, and OPG and the RANKL/OPG ratio were not significantly different between groups. F nucleatum, T forsythia, P intermedia, P gingivalis, and T denticola were significantly higher in Group 3 implants. DNA concentrations of S oralis were higher in Group 2. Within the limitations of this study, SLA and fluorine-modified implant surfaces may be more clinically successful than anodized-surface implants.