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    Hippocampal connectivity dynamics and volumetric alterations predict cognitive status in migraine: A resting-state fMRI study
    (Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2025) Cankaya, Seyda; Ayyildiz, Behcet; Sayman, Dila; Duran, Umutcan; Ucak, Dogukan; Karaca, Ramazan; Ayyildiz, Sevilay
    The etiology of cognitive decline linked to migraine remains unclear, with a growing recurrence rate and potential increased dementia risk among sufferers. Cognitive dysfunction has recently gained attention as a significant problem among migraine sufferers that can be related to alterations in hippocampal function and structure. This study explores hippocampal subfield connectivity and volume changes in migraine patients. We recruited 90 individuals from Alanya University's Neurology Department, including 49 migraine patients and 41 controls, for functional and anatomical imaging. Using the CONN toolbox and FreeSurfer, we assessed functional connectivity and subfield volumes, respectively. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) was used to assess cognition in the entire sample. As a result, migraine patients exhibited significantly lower MOCA scores compared to controls (p<.001). Also, we found significant differences in hippocampal subfields between migraine patients and control groups in terms of functional connectivity after adjusting for years of education; here we showed that the left CA3 showed higher connectivity with right MFG and right occipitolateral cortex. Furthermore, the connectivity of left fimbria with the left temporal lobe and hippocampus and the connectivity of the right hippocampal-tail with right insula, heschl's gyrus, and frontorbital cortex were lower in the migraineurs. Additionally, volumes of specific hippocampal subfields were significantly lower in the migraineurs (whole hippocampus p = 0.004, whole hippocampus head p = 0.003, right CA1 head p = 0.006, and right HATA p = 0.005) compared to controls. In conclusion, these findings indicate that migraine-associated cognitive impairment involves significant functional and structural brain changes, particularly in the hippocampus, which may heighten dementia risk. This pioneering study unveils critical hippocampal alterations linked to cognitive function in migraine sufferers, underscoring the potential for these changes to impact dementia development.
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    The Adaptive Role of Entorhinal Cortical Thickness in Post-COVID 19 Cognitive Impairment
    (Turkish Neuropsychiatry Assoc-Turk Noropsikiyatri Dernegi, 2025) Cankaya, Seyda; Ipek, Lutfiye; Ayyildiz, Sevilay; Sayman, Dila; Karaca, Ramazan; Ayyildiz, Behcet; Velioglu, Halil Aziz
    Introduction: Only limited information is still available concerning cognitive dysfunctions and cortical thickness in individuals who recovered from mild COVID-19 infections and did not require hospitalization. Our aim was to evaluate if the highly adaptive potential of cortical thickness might play a critical role in COVID-19-related cognitive disorder in a compensatory manner. Methods: Fifteen individuals with no history of medical, neurological, or psychiatric disease and with positive COVID-19 test results, and sixteen healthy age and education-matched healthy controls identified from the official hospital health system were evaluated in terms of cognitive scores using Alzheimer Disease's Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog) and brain MRI cortical thickness measurements using FreeSurfer Version 7.40. Results: An increased cortical thickness in the right entorhinal cortex (EC) and impaired cognition (increased ADAS score) were observed in the post-COVID 19 group as compared to the controls confirmed by the student's t test (respectively, p-0.006, p<0.001). The apparent correlation observed between cognitive impairment and increased entorhinal cortical thickness in our COVID-19 patients might suggest a continuum pathophysiology between healthy and COVID-19 affected brains that was not evident in previous COVID-19 cases with cognitive impairment. Conclusion: Our findings of increased entorhinal cortical thickness, together with impaired cognitive scores, may indicate a flexible role of EC thickness in compensatory mechanisms of cognition.
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    The functional role of the pulvinar in discriminating between objective and subjective cognitive impairment in major depressive disorder
    (Wiley, 2024) Yulug, Burak; Ayyildiz, Sevilay; Sayman, Dila; Karaca, Ramazan; Ipek, Lutfiye; Cankaya, Seyda; Salar, Ali Behram
    INTRODUCTIONEmotionally driven cognitive complaints represent a major diagnostic challenge for clinicians and indicate the importance of objective confirmation of the accuracy of depressive patients' descriptions of their cognitive symptoms.METHODSWe compared cognitive status and structural and functional brain connectivity changes in the pulvinar and hippocampus between patients with total depression and healthy controls. The depressive group was also classified as amnestic or nonamnestic, based on the members' subjective reports concerning their forgetfulness. We then sought to determine whether these patients would differ in terms of objective neuroimaging and cognitive findings.RESULTSThe right pulvinar exhibited altered connectivity in individuals with depression with objective cognitive impairment, a finding which was not apparent in depressive patients with subjective cognitive impairment.DISCUSSIONThe pulvinar may play a role in depression-related cognitive impairments. Connectivity network changes may differ between objective and subjective cognitive impairment in depression and may play a role in the increased risk of dementia in patients with depression.