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    Determination of effects of chemical agencies on liver fibrosis models frequently used in different dose and time periots
    (2021) Kaan, Dilek; Toprak, Güler; Yay, Arzu; Başkol, Gülden; Ertekin, Tolga; Ülger, Harun
    Aim: In this study, it was aimed to reveal a more effective model depending on the dose and time by evaluating histopathological properties and biochemical parameters, such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin, triglyceride, cholesterol in carbon tetrachloride and thioacetamide (CCl4 and TAA) models. Method: Rats were divided into three groups for each model and intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with CCl4 (0.5 ml/kg, 1.0 ml/kg, 2.0 ml/kg) and TAA (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/ kg, 300 mg/kg) for 4, 6 and 8 weeks, three times weekly, respectively. Results: In the biochemical investigation, ALT and AST values in the only 0,5 ml CCL4 of groups for 6 and 8 weeks and were found to have significant differences compared to the control groups (p <0.05), while the other biochemicals parameters values did not reveal significant difference in the groups (p >0.05). According to the results of the histopathology in the liver tissues, both the control groups showed a normal histological feature. The hepatofibrotic alterations were remarkable in the CCl4 and TAA models fibrosis depending on the increasing dose and time in all of the groups. Conclusion: Our results showed that the dose and time were reached up to until the cirrhosis for eighth week. These results would be a helpful reference for hepatofibrotic studies.
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    The Relationship of Learning and Memory Disfunction with NEURL1 and RGS14 Genes in Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorders
    (2022) Eciroğlu, Hamiyet; Şener, Elif Funda; Öztop, Didem Behice; Özmen, Sevgi; Kaan, Dilek; Yusuf, Özkul
    Aim: We aimed to evaluate the relationship between learning-memory difficulties and NEURL1 and RGS14 genes in patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Method: Forty children with ASD (20 ASD, 20 high functioning autism (HFA)) and 20 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. NEURL1 and RGS14 gene expressions in blood samples of volunteers were assessed by quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRTPCR). The clinical and demographical findings in patients were determined and examined in relation to the gene expressions. Results: According to our findings, NEURL1 gene expression was decreased in both patient groups compared to the control (p<0.05). No significant difference between the groups in terms of the RGS14 gene (p>0.05). A statistically significant correlation was found between learning and memory difficulties and RGS14 gene expression in HFA patients (p=0.045). A positive correlation was observed between NEURL1 and RGS14 gene expressions of ASD patients (p=0.032, r=0,59). Conclusion: In this study, we showed that the NEURL1 gene may affect learning and memory difficulties in ASD patients. Nonetheless, we recommend that both genes be studied with more patients and preferably with brain tissues. These genes were evaluated for the first time in a clinical study on autism, and we believe that they will contribute to the literature in this respect.