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Öğe Can we use the contralateral glenoid cavity as a reference for the measurement of glenoid cavity bone loss in anterior shoulder instability?. A comparative analysis of 3D CT measurements in healthy subjects(Soc Chilena Anatomia, 2018) Köse, Özkan; Canbora, Mehmet Kerem; Köseoğlu, Hasan; Kılıçoğlu, Gamze; Turan, Adil; Yüksel, Yavuz; Acar, BaverThe purpose of this study was to compare the glenoid cavity measurements in healthy subjects. 100 adult subjects without shoulder pathology who had pulmonary computed tomography for any reason, were included in the study. Lung CT images were three-dimensionally rendered and glenoid cavity enface images were obtained. On these images, the glenoid cavity superior-inferior long axis and anterior-posterior equator, as well as the equatorial anterior and posterior radii, were measured. Dominant and non-dominant glenoid cavity measurements were compared using the t-test in dependent groups. The long axis of the dominant glenoid cavity was 38.15 +/- 3.5 mm, whereas it was 37.87 +/- 3.3 mm on the non-dominant side (p = 0.068). The mean width of the glenoid cavity was 28.60 +/- 3.3 mm in dominant glenoids cavities and 28.00 +/- 2.9 mm in the non-dominant side (p = 0.0001). The equatorial anterior and posterior radii were significantly different between the two sides (p = 0.010, p = 0.001, respectively). The ratio of length to equator was different between the two sides (p = 0.012). The difference in equatorial lengths was 0.98 +/- 0.8 mm (range, 0-4.2 mm). The mean difference between the long axis of the glenoid cavity was 1.2 +/- 0.9 mm (range 0-4.6 mm). The equator on 69 individuals was larger on the dominant side. Glenoid cavity long axis was larger on the dominant side of 61 individuals. Glenoids cavities are not equal and not symmetrical to each other or influenced by hand dominancy. Measurements based on the assumption that both glenoids cavities are equal may be misleading.Öğe Reliability and Agreement of Four Radiographic Methods for Measuring Posterior Tibial Slope on Lateral Knee Radiographs(Süleyman Demirel University, 2025) Yüksel, Yavuz; Köse, ÖzkanObjective: The posterior tibial slope (PTS) is a critical anatomical parameter influencing knee biomechanics and ligamentous stability. Despite its clinical relevance, no consensus exists on the most reliable radiographic method for measuring PTS. This study aimed to evaluate the inter- and intra-observer reliability and agreement of four radiographic techniques for PTS measurement on standard lateral knee radiographs. Material and Method: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 70 adult patients with high-quality true lateral knee radiographs. Four commonly used methods were applied to measure the PTS: the fibular shaft axis (FSA), anterior cortical line (ACL), posterior cortical line (PCL), and proximal anatomical axis (PAA). Two experienced observers performed all measurements twice, 15 days apart, using a standardized protocol. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated to assess reliability, and Pearson correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the agreement between measurements and demographic characteristics. Results: All four methods showed excellent intra-observer reliability (ICC, range 0.916–0.975) and good-to-excellent inter-observer reliability (ICC, range 0.813–0.968). Mean PTS values differed by method: ACL 12.4° ± 3.2°, PCL 7.2° ± 3.1°, FSA 10.1° ± 3.2°, PAA 9.6° ± 3.0° (p = 0.001). Pairwise correlations were strong for all methods (p < 0.001). PTS showed no significant association with age, sex, height, weight, or body mass index. Conclusions: Although reliability was high for all techniques, differences in absolute values indicate that methods are not interchangeable. Standardized reference axes should be specified to ensure consistent reporting across clinical and research settings.Öğe The Importance of Sample Size Calculation and Power Analysis in Research Studies(Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat Üniversitesi, 2025) Köse, Özkan; Aslan, AhmetDecisions about sample size and statistical power are often treated as a technical afterthought in research proposals, squeezed into a single sentence or delegated entirely to software. Yet these decisions sit at the intersection of scientific validity, feasibility, and ethics and directly determine whether a study can answer its primary question in a trustworthy way. Sample size calculation and power analysis should no longer be regarded as optional technicalities appended at the end of a protocol. They are central to scientific integrity, determining whether a study can credibly answer its research question, justify the burdens placed on participants, and make a meaningful contribution to the literature. In this editorial, we aim to draw attention to sample size calculation and power analysis, outlining their conceptual foundations, practical implementation, and ethical implications in contemporary research.Öğe The relationship between quadriceps fat pad syndrome and patellofemoral morphology: a case-control study(2021) Yüksel, Yavuz; Ergün, Tarkan; Torun, Ebru; Ünal, Melih; Sonnow, Lena; Köse, ÖzkanBackground The purpose of this prospective case-control study is to investigate the relationship between quadriceps fat pad syndrome (QFPS) and patellofemoral morphology. Materials and methods Twenty-two patients with QFPS and 22 age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers were included. The diagnosis of QFPS was supported both clinically and radiologically. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), patellofemoral morphology was evaluated with 13 radiological measurements including trochlear sulcus angle, trochlear sulcus depth, trochlear facet asymmetry, trochlear condyle asymmetry, lateral trochlear inclination angle, patellar translation, tibial tubercle-trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance, Insall-Salvati ratio, patellotrochlear index, patellar tilt, the ratio between lateral and medial facet lengths, interfacet angle, and quadriceps tendon thickness. The mean of measurements was compared between groups using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results There were 22 patients (12 male, 10 female) with mean age of 30.81 +/- 1.41 (range 19-38) years in group I and 22 patients (12 male, 10 female) with mean age of 31.13 +/- 1.31 (range 19-39) years in group II. The mean age and the gender distribution were statistically similar between groups (p = 0.845, p = 1, respectively). All measured values except for patellar tilt (p = 0.038) and TT-TG distance (p = 0.004) were similar (p > 0.05 for the other variables). However, all of the measured variables were within the normal range. Conclusions QFPS may not be associated with anatomical variations of the patellofemoral joint. Further studies are required to understand the etiology and risk factors.
