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    Effects of somatostatin and vitamin C on the fatty acid profile of breast cancer cell membranes
    (Bentham Science Publ Ltd, 2019) Hanikoğlu, Ayşegüll; Küçüksayan, Ertan; Hanikoğlu, Ferhat; Özben, Tomris; Menounou, Georgia; Sansone, Anna; Ferreri, Carla
    Background: Vitamin C (Vit C) is an important physiological antioxidant with growing applications in cancer. Somatostatin (SST) is a natural peptide with growth inhibitory effect in several mammary cancer models. Objective: The combined effects of SST and Vit C supplementation have never been studied in breast cancer cells so far. Methods: We used MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells incubated with SST for 24h, in the absence and presence of Vit C, at their EC 50 concentrations, to evaluate membrane fatty acid-profiles together with the follow-up of EGFR and MAPK signaling pathways. Results: The two cell lines gave different membrane reorganization: in MCF-7 cells, decrease of omega-6 linoleic acid and increase of omega-3 fatty acids (Fas) occurred after SST and SST+Vit C incubations, the latter also showing significant increases in MUFA, docosapentaenoic acid and mono-trans arachidonic acid levels. In MDA-MB231 cells, SST+Vit C incubation induced significant membrane remodeling with an increase of stearic acid and mono-trans-linoleic acid isomer, diminution of omega-6 linoleic, arachidonic acid and omega-3 (docosapentaenoic and docosadienoic acids). Distinct signaling pathways in these cell lines were studied: in MCF-7 cells, incubations with SST and Vit C, alone or in combination significantly decreased EGFR and MAPK signaling, whereas in MDA-MB231 cells, SST and Vit C incubations, alone or combined, decreased pP44/42 MAPK levels, and increased EGFR levels. Conclusion: Our results showed that SST and Vit C can be combined to induce membrane fatty acid changes, including lipid isomerization through a specific free radical-driven process, influencing signaling pathways.