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    Öğe
    Evaluation of Cytotoxic, Membrane Damaging and Apoptotic Effects of Origanum majorana Essential Oil on Lung Cancer and Epidermoid Carcinoma Cells
    (2022) Gokhan, Ayse
    BACKGROUND/AIMS: In this study, the potential of an essential oil to cause membrane damaging and induce apoptosis was investigated in order to determine the cytotoxic effect of the essential oil obtained from Origanum majorana (O. majorana), popularly known as “sweet marjoram”, on lung cancer (A-549) and epidermoid carcinoma (A-431) cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In order to determine the cytotoxic dose and IC50 value of an essential oil, the essential oil was applied to cells in the concentration range of 5-500 ?g/mL for 24, 48 and 72 hours. After those applications, CellTiter-Blue® Cell Viability Assay and 3-(4,5-Dimethyl- 2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazoliumbromide (MTT) assay were performed on the cell lines. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) Activity test was used to determine the membrane damaging effect of the essential oil on A-549 and A-431 cells. Cytotoxicity experiments were followed up by caspase-3/7 activity assays to get a mechanistic insight into the associated molecular pathways. RESULTS: It was observed that treatments of essential oil from O. majorana on A-549 and A-431 cells inhibited cell proliferation, that is, it had a cytotoxic effect and caused an increase in LDH activity, which is one of the membranes damaging markers, and caspase-3/7 activity, which is one of the enzymes involved in the apoptotic pathway, in both cells in comparison to controls at the end of the 24-hour incubation. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that the increase in LDH activity and caspase-3/7 activity caused by O. majorana essential oil treatment reveal the membrane damaging and apoptotic effects, respectively. O. majorana essential oil can be evaluated as a potential therapeutic agent for lung cancer and epidermoid carcinoma due to these effects. However, more research is needed to confirm this.
  • [ X ]
    Öğe
    Evaluation of Cytotoxic, Membrane Damaging and Apoptotic Effects of Origanum majorana Essential Oil on Lung Cancer and Epidermoid Carcinoma Cells
    (Galenos Publ House, 2022) Gokhan, Ayse
    BACKGROUND/AIMS: In this study, the potential of an essential oil to cause membrane damaging and induce apoptosis was investigated in order to determine the cytotoxic effect of the essential oil obtained from Origanum majorana ( O. majorana), popularly known as sweet marjoram, on lung cancer (A-549) and epidermoid carcinoma (A-431) cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In order to determine the cytotoxic dose and IC50 value of an essential oil, the essential oil was applied to cells in the concentration range of 5-500 mu g/mL for 24, 48 and 72 hours. After those applications, CellTiter-Blue (R) Cell Viability Assay and 3-(4,5-Dimethyl2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazoliumbromide (MTT) assay were performed on the cell lines. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) Activity test was used to determine the membrane damaging effect of the essential oil on A-549 and A-431 cells. Cytotoxicity experiments were followed up by caspase-3/7 activity assays to get a mechanistic insight into the associated molecular pathways. RESULTS: It was observed that treatments of essential oil from O. majorana on A-549 and A-431 cells inhibited cell proliferation, that is, it had a cytotoxic effect and caused an increase in LDH activity, which is one of the membranes damaging markers, and caspase-3/7 activity, which is one of the enzymes involved in the apoptotic pathway, in both cells in comparison to controls at the end of the 24-hour incubation. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that the increase in LDH activity and caspase-3/7 activity caused by O. majorana essential oil treatment reveal the membrane damaging and apoptotic effects, respectively. O. majorana essential oil can be evaluated as a potential therapeutic agent for lung cancer and epidermoid carcinoma due to these effects. However, more research is needed to confirm this.
  • [ X ]
    Öğe
    Investigation of the Apoptotic and Membrane Effects of Essential Oils Obtained from Wild and Cultured Forms of Origanum acutidens (Hand.-Mazz.) Ietswaart on Epidermoid Cancer (A-431) Cells
    (Springer, 2022) Gokhan, Ayse
    Plants, which are used for many different purposes, can be unconsciously collected and destroyed from nature so as to disappear over the years. Since Origanum acutidens (Hand.-Mazz.) Ietswaart (Lamiaceae), which is endemic to Turkey, is used abundantly for various purposes among the public, this danger is aso valid for this thyme species. However, if we take plants into culture by preserving their biological activity characteristics, we can prevent them from extinction. In this context, antiproliferative, cell cycle blocking and apoptotic effects and the mechanisms of apoptotic action of essential oils from the wild and cultured forms of O. acutidens, an endemic thyme species in Turkey, have been demonstrated in A-431 cells. The effects of essential oils on the G1 phase were revealed by determining changes in the mRNA expressions of cyclin D1, cyclin D2, and cyclin E. Effects of essential oils on the S phase was revealed by determining changes in cyclin A expression and the effects of essential oils on G2 and M phases were revealed by determining changes in cyclin B expression. In order to study the apoptotic effect and mechanism of action, in addition to determining changes in the activity of caspase 3/7 activated in apoptosis, Bax (a pro-apoptotic gene) and Bcl-2 (an anti-apoptotic gene) mRNA ratio (Bax/Bcl-2) has also been estimated. It was found that essential oils of both wild and cultured forms of O. acutidens had cytotoxic effect on A-431 cells and produced this effect via apoptotic mechanisms. Thus, O. acutidens essential oils may be a hope in the future for epidermoid cancer patients who were treated with conventional chemotherapy drugs but did not achieve the desired success.