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    Determination of effects of chemical agencies on liver fibrosis models frequently used in different dose and time periots
    (2021) Kaan, Dilek; Toprak, Güler; Yay, Arzu; Başkol, Gülden; Ertekin, Tolga; Ülger, Harun
    Aim: In this study, it was aimed to reveal a more effective model depending on the dose and time by evaluating histopathological properties and biochemical parameters, such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin, triglyceride, cholesterol in carbon tetrachloride and thioacetamide (CCl4 and TAA) models. Method: Rats were divided into three groups for each model and intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with CCl4 (0.5 ml/kg, 1.0 ml/kg, 2.0 ml/kg) and TAA (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/ kg, 300 mg/kg) for 4, 6 and 8 weeks, three times weekly, respectively. Results: In the biochemical investigation, ALT and AST values in the only 0,5 ml CCL4 of groups for 6 and 8 weeks and were found to have significant differences compared to the control groups (p <0.05), while the other biochemicals parameters values did not reveal significant difference in the groups (p >0.05). According to the results of the histopathology in the liver tissues, both the control groups showed a normal histological feature. The hepatofibrotic alterations were remarkable in the CCl4 and TAA models fibrosis depending on the increasing dose and time in all of the groups. Conclusion: Our results showed that the dose and time were reached up to until the cirrhosis for eighth week. These results would be a helpful reference for hepatofibrotic studies.
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    Hypertrophy of the transverse ligament caused by os odontoideum: a case report
    (2017) Avnioğlu, Seda; Köksal, Vaner; Ertekin, Tolga
    Os odontoideum is a small oval or round shaped bone fragment observed as the most common congenital anomaly of theodontoid process. Since it causes a slowly increasing mobility or instability in the atlanto-axial joint, sudden death, tetraplegia, chronic neck pain, headache, torticollis and myelopathy may develop. The spinal canal widens initially at the craniocervical junction and symptoms can occur at a very late stage. In this case, clinical complaints emerged after the age of 35.There was no other neurological finding and no history of recent trauma in this case presenting with severe neck pain. Thiscase report shows how ligaments, the supporting connective tissue elements, can be thickened to maintain stability whenthe stability of the cervical spine is impaired. Since it may cause sudden death even when asymptomatic, it is important torecognize this pathology and to distinguish os odontoideum from odontoid fractures in trauma patients
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    Stereological measurement of liver volume in newborn cadavers
    (2020) Avnioğlu, Seda; Unur, Erdoğan; Acer, Niyazi; Ertekin, Tolga; Doğaner, Adem
    Purpose: The aim of our study was to compare different techniques for the estimation of liver volume using cadaveric sample, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasonography (USG) images, and to measure errors associated with volume estimation techniques based on fluid displacement (the Archimedes' principle). Materials and Methods: Our study was formed of five newborn cadavers aged 39.7±1.5 weeks and weighted 2.220±1.056 g. We used three different methods for calculate the liver volume. Results: Liver volume (LV) measured by the Archimedes' principle was 70.00±49.96 cm3. There was no significant difference between the methods. Conclusion: MR and USG images provide easy, applicable and reproducible estimates in calculating volume of normal and anomalous liver with the Cavalieri’s principle. We think that our study may be a reference for similar studies to be done in the upcoming years.