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    Assessment of electricity and hydrogen production performance of evacuated tube solar collectors
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2019) Atız, Ayhan; Karakılçık, Hatice; Erden, Mustafa; Karakılçık, Mehmet
    In this work, a unified renewable energy system has designed to assess the electricity and hydrogen production. This system consists of the evacuated tube solar collectors (ETSCs) which have the total surface area of 300 m(2), a salt gradient solar pond (SGSP) which has the surface area of 217 m(2), an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) and an electrolysis system. The stored heat in the heat storage zone (HSZ) transferred to the input water of the ETSCs by means of an exchanger and thereby ETSCs increase the temperature of preheated water to higher level as much as possible that primarily affects the performance of the ORC. The balance equations of the designed system were written and analyzed by utilizing the Engineering Equations Solver (EES) software. Hence, the energy and exergy efficiencies of the overall system were calculated as to be 5.92% and 18.21%, respectively. It was also found that hydrogen generation of the system can reach up to ratio 3204 g/day. (C) 2018 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Öğe
    Assessment of power and hydrogen production performance of an integrated system based on middle-grade geothermal source and solar energy
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2021) Atız, Ayhan; Karakılçık, Hatice; Erden, Mustafa; Karakılçık, Mehmet
    In this study, power and hydrogen production performance of an integrated system is investigated. The system consists of an organic Rankine cycle (ORC), parabolic trough solar collectors (PTSCs) having a surface area of 545 m(2), middle-grade geothermal source (MGGS), cooling tower and proton exchange membrane (PEM). The final product of this system is hydrogen that produced via PEM. For this purpose, the fluid temperature of the geothermal source is upgraded by the solar collectors to drive the ORC. To improve the electricity generation efficiency, four working fluids namely n-butane, n-pentane, n-hexane, and cyclohexane are tried in the ORC. The mass flow rate of each working fluid is set as 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 kg/s and calculations are made for 16 different situations (four types of working fluids and four different mass flow rates for each). As a result, n-butane with a mass flow rate of 0.4 kg/s is found to be the best option. The average electricity generation is 66.02 kW between the hours of 11(00)-13(00). The total hydrogen production is 9807.1 g for a day. The energy and exergy efficiency is calculated to be 5.85% and 8.27%, respectively. (C) 2020 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Öğe
    Investigation energy, exergy and electricity production performance of an integrated system based on a low-temperature geothermal resource and solar energy
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2019) Atız, Ayhan; Karakılcık, Hatice; Erden, Mustafa; Karakılcık, Mehmet
    In this work, energy, exergy and electricity generation performance of an integrated system was conceptually investigated by using Engineering Equation Solver (EES) under 200-1000 W/m(2) solar irradiation interval. The system comprises evacuated tube solar collectors (EVTSCs) with the surface area of 100 m(2), an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) and a low-grade geothermal resource. The EVTSCs were used to enhance the temperature of the low-grade water coming from the geothermal source. The calculations were carried out for three geothermal sources in Kula (63 degrees C), Saraycik (74 degrees C) and Turgutlu (86 degrees C), respectively. N-hexane, n-pentane and n-butane were selected as a working fluid in the ORC. It was determined that the selection of the working fluid affected the performance of the ORC. And also, the waste heat is extracted from the ORC were used efficiently for space heating. As a result, the overall energy and exergy efficiencies of the system and power generation of the ORC were seriously affected by enhancing the water temperature of the geothermal resources by EVTSCs. The maximum overall energy and exergy efficiencies of the system were calculated as to be 6.92% and 21.06% by using n-butane for the source in Turgutlu, respectively. The minimum overall energy and exergy efficiencies of the system were calculated as 0.32% and 2.19% by using n-hexane for the source in Kula, respectively. The maximum and minimum generated electricity were calculated as to be 19.46 kW and 0.6168 kW for the sources in Turgutlu and Kula, respectively. It was seen that the best performance of the system was found for n-butane compared to n-pentane and n-hexane.
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    Öğe
    The integration of parabolic trough solar collectors and evacuated tube collectors to geothermal resource for electricity and hydrogen production
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2020) Atız, Ayhan; Karakılçık, Hatice; Erden, Mustafa; Karakılçık, Mehmet
    In this study, electricity and hydrogen production of an integrated system with energy and exergy analyses are investigated. The system also produces clean water for the water electrolysis system. The proposed system comprises evacuated tube solar collectors (ETSCs), parabolic trough solar collectors (PTSCs), flash turbine, organic Rankine cycles (ORC), a reverse osmosis unit (RO), a water electrolysis unit (PEM), a greenhouse and a medium temperature level geothermal resource. The surface area of each collector is 500 m2. The thermodynamics analysis of the integrated system is carried out under daily solar radiation for a day in August. The fluid temperature of the medium temperature level geothermal resource is upgraded by ETSCs and PTSCs to operate the flash turbine and the ORCs. The temperature of the geothermal fluid is upgraded from 130 °C to 323.6 °C by the ETSCs and PTSCs. As a result, it is found that the integrated system generates 162 kg clean water, 1215.63 g hydrogen, and total electrical energy of 2111.04 MJ. The maximum energy and exergy efficiencies of the overall system are found as 10.43% and 9.35%, respectively. © 2020 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC