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Öğe Factors affecting the implementation of primary school English language teaching programs in Turkey(Journal Language Teaching & Learning, 2019) Erarslan, AliDue to the influence of globalization and endeavors to meet the demands of the changing world, English has been taught as a foreign language in Turkey for years, and English language teaching programs (ELTP) in Turkey has gone through three major changes with the introduction of the 1997, 2006 and 2013 curriculum changes. In line with this, several evaluation studies investigated the primary school English teaching programs from various aspects including the factors affecting the implementation. Thus, this study aimed at investigating the primary school English language teaching program evaluation studies related to the 1997, 2006 and 2013 ELTPs from the perspective of factors hindering the implementation. As an integrative literature review of 66 studies, findings of this study show that teacher and teacher-related issues were among the main factors as well as course hour, class size and L1 mastery, common to each program change hindering the implementation of ELTPs. (c) Association of Applied Linguistics. All rights reservedÖğe From students' perspectives: EFL learners' metaphors about English instructors in Turkey(2017) Erarslan, Ali; Asmalı, MehmetThe purpose of this study is to understand university preparatory class students' mental images about their English language instructors through metaphors. With regard to this aim, 148 students enrolled in 16 different programs were required to write metaphors on the metaphor elicitation task including the statement "my English instructor is like........................because.................................". Metaphor analysis technique including naming, elimination, deciding unit of analysis, categorization, quantitative analysis of data was employed for the analysis. 153 metaphors were sorted into 9 conceptual themes. While ‘teacher as nurturer’ was the leading category with 40 metaphors, ‘teacher as someone good-hearted’ followed it with 37 metaphors. It was seen that male participants emphasized good-hearted nature of language instructors and their ability to provide knowledge whereas female participants focused on their teachers’ nurturer side. A closer interaction between the instructors and students could be attributed to the reason why students mostly had positive views concerning their language instructors.Öğe Investigating e-learning motivational strategies of higher education learners against online distractors(2021) Erarslan, Ali; Şeker, MeralExploring higher education learners' e-learning experiences and the challenges they encounter is required to equip them with necessary skills and strategies to attain their academic goals (Cooper & Corpus, 2009). By identifying the types of and the frequency of exposure to distractors, the study was specifically geared towards finding out the level of motivational self-regulated strategies, including volition and goal commitment strategies, employed against online distractors during e-learning by higher education learners. The data were gathered through a questionnaire developed after a comprehensive literature review and semi-structured interviews (n = 38). The questionnaire was completed by higher education learners (n = 279), who were found to implement goal commitment and volition strategies at moderate levels despite the high frequency of exposure to distractors. The overall findings imply that equipping learners with motivational e-learning strategies encompassing goal commitment and volition strategies is necessary. This will require more in-depth research conducted to explore the role of self-regulated strategies in predicting learner engagement in the context of online learning.Öğe Primary school second grade english language teaching program: insiders’ views on its strengths and weaknesses(2019) Erarslan, Ali; Topkaya, Ece ZehirThe advents in technology, science and globalization have increased the need to communicate in a foreign language. In order to keep abreast of these demands of the global world and the local needs of individuals, curricula and teaching programs change constantly in formal education settings. In Turkey, English language teaching programs went through three major changes taking place in 1997, 2006 and 2013, the last of which was a major change known as 4+4+4 education system. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the 2013 2nd grade English Language Teaching Program (ELTP) from teachers' perspectives with a focus on its general characteristics, aims, outcomes, and content. To address this research objective, the data were collected qualitatively by employing in-depth interviews with 14 teachers who were implementing the 2nd grade ELTP in state primary schools in the city center of Denizli province. Inductive content analysis revealed that teachers mostly have positive opinions regarding the different components of the ELTP. The motivational quality of it, its emphasis on communicative competence with practical language use are considered as the best aspects of it while some concerns regarding the number of the outcomes, limited practice opportunities stemming from insufficient class hours, and the order of the content are reported.Öğe Progressive vs modular system in preparatory school English language teaching program: A case of system change at a state university in Turkey(2019) Erarslan, AliDue to its importance in almost all significant fields such as science, technology, education and trade, English language is offered as a compulsory course in all levels of formal education in Turkey. In the higher education context, most universities offer one-year compulsory English preparatory education for students enrolled in departments whose medium of instruction is in English. Commonly, the two systems existing in preparatory programs known as modular system and progressive system enact the legislation and organization of courses as well as the assessment, classroom procedures and material design. In progressive system, English education is offered throughout the year based on learners’ level of English according to the placement test given at the beginning of the education year; on the other hand, in modular system English is taught in different modules at the same time allowing learners to move forward or fall behind their current levels. Because of the poor English levels of the preparatory class students at a state university in Turkey, a system change from a progressive system to a modular one took place which started to be implemented from 2015-2016 academic year onwards. For the purpose of evaluating both systems, English language instructors’ views related to strengths and weaknesses of the modular and progressive systems were gathered through a semi-structured opinion form. The data were gathered from 23 participants who actively taught English in the both systems and were analysed through inductive content analysis. Findings of the study show that the participants found the modular system effective and efficient since students were placed in their correct levels of English unlike in the progressive system and since they were assessed based on their current level of English, Additionally, the participants favoured the modular system due to well-planned placement system in each module although they reported that modular system caused confusion on the part of the instructors because of the frequent exams and quizzes applied within a limited period. Besides, delivering English in more than one module at a time also caused the instructors to feel under pressure and a burden. As for progressive system, it was found that it was practical in terms of planning and organization in spite of decreasing student motivation. These findings indicate that although instructors find modular system effective and efficient, it needs a good planning and organization.Öğe Strengths and weaknesses of primary school english language teaching programs in Turkey: Issues regarding program components(2018) Erarslan, AliToday, the ability to communicate in English is a need brought about by the globalization process encompassing developments in many fields such as science and technology. To address this need, English language teaching programs in Turkey (henceforth ELTP) underwent substantial changes within the larger curriculum reform movements taking place in 1997, 2006 and 2013, the last of which is also called the 4+4+4 education system. In these ELTPs, major differences were based on primary school English language teaching and learning. However, there is a growing claim that these ELTPs did not achieve the intensions in equipping primary school students with the necessary communicative skills in English. Thus, this integrative literature review study aims to explore the results of the evaluation studies so as to understand the strengths and weaknesses of each ELTP regarding such program components as aims and outcomes, content, materials, and testing and assessment. In line with this, studies conducted to evaluate the 1997, 2006 and 2013 ELTPs were examined thoroughly, and their findings were identified for the analysis. The analysis of the studies showed that problems with the ELTPs under evaluation included not carefully written aims and outcomes failing to include all domains. It also reveals problems with the selection and design of the content and materials which failed to be adequate and effective. Lastly, reliance on paper-based assessment even failing to include productive skills is seen to be another problem. All these issues seem to be persistent over all the ELTPs, thus they call for careful consideration and action for the improvement of further program changes. © 2018 EJAL & the Authors. Published by Eurasian Journal of Applied Linguistics (EJAL). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (CC BY-NC-ND) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Öğe Video İzlemenin Yabancı Dil Öğrenme Sürecinde Dinleme Becerisi ve Kelime Öğrenme Üzerine Etkileri(2021) Erarslan, Ali; Asmalı, MehmetTeknolojideki son gelişmeler ve dil öğretim ve öğreniminde artan video kullanımı göz önüne alındığında, bu çalışma, video kullanımının öğrencilerin dinleme becerileri ve İngilizce öğretiminde kelime dağarcığı gelişimi üzerindeki etkisini incelemek için yapılan çalışmaların ana bulgularını araştırmayı amaçlamıştır. Bu bağlamda, çeşitli araştırma veri tabanlarında indekslenmiş bilimsel dergilerde 2000-2020 yılları arasında yayınlanan 51 makale, ilgili anahtar kelimeler taranarak bulunmuştur. İçerik analizi ve sürekli karşılaştırma yöntemi kullanılarak analiz yapılmıştır. Video izlemenin dinleme becerileri üzerindeki etkisini dikkate alarak ‘öğrencilerin video izlemeye yönelik tutumları,’ ‘video izlemenin dinleme becerisi üzerindeki etkileri’ ve ‘dinleme becerisini geliştirmede altyazıların rolü’ gibi bazı ana temalar bulunmuştur. Kelime gelişimi ile ilgili, ‘video izlemenin kelime dağarcığı gelişimi üzerindeki etkileri’ ve ‘altyazıların kelime gelişimi üzerindeki etkileri’ temaları ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Bulgular, farklı alt yazı biçimlerinin öğrencilerin dinleme becerileri ve kelime dağarcığı gelişimi üzerindeki etkililiğini de ortaya koymuştur.
