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    Pickering polymerized high internal phase emulsions: Fundamentals to advanced applications
    (Elsevier, 2025) Durgut, E.; Claeyssens, F.
    Pickering-polymerized high internal phase emulsions have attracted attention since their successful first preparation 15 years ago, primarily due to their large pores and potential for functionalization during production. This review elucidates the fundamental principles of Pickering emulsions, Pickering HIPEs, and Pickering PolyHIPEs while comparing them to conventional surfactant-stabilized counterparts. The morphology of Pickering PolyHIPEs, with particular emphasis on methods for achieving interconnected structures, is explored and critically assessed. Lastly, the mechanical properties and diverse applications of these materials are reviewed, highlighting their use as catalytic supports and sorbent materials. The study aims to guide both new and experienced researchers in the field by comprehensively addressing the current potential and challenges of Pickering PolyHIPEs. Once the mystery behind the closed cellular pores of Pickering PolyHIPEs is resolved, these materials are expected to become more popular, particularly in applications where mass transfer is critical, such as tissue engineering.
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    Öğe
    Surfactant-free ZIF-8 decorated and open porous pickering polymerized high internal phase emulsion
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2025) Durgut, E.; Tan, J.; Smith, B.; Dawson, R.; Foster, J.; Claeyssens, F.
    Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) represent an emerging class of porous materials with significant potential for various applications. However, their utilization in powder form poses challenges for industrial-scale applications. Consequently, there is active research in developing supporting materials for MOFs. This research article explores the effectiveness of loading MOFs, specifically ZIF-8, onto polymerized high internal phase emulsions (PolyHIPEs). ZIF-8 was used as a sole emulsion stabilizer, as well as in combination with polymeric colloidal particles and surfactant as co-stabilizers of the emulsion. The findings indicate that when ZIF-8 is used as the sole emulsion stabilizer, it leads to well-surface-decorated but closed pore PolyHIPEs. Combining ZIF-8 with IBOA microparticles as emulsion stabilizers results in similarly well-decorated but interconnected porous structures. While the commonly used apporach using MOFs (ZIF-8) together with a surfactant (Hypermer B246) produced an interconnected porous structure, the pores become poorly decorated with ZIF-8. This is attributed to an antagonistic effect between Hypermer B246 and ZIF-8. The study employed morphological investigations, SEM micrographs, thermogravimetric analysis, and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis to evaluate the ZIF-8 loading efficacy in PolyHIPEs.