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    Effect of Ultrasound Pretreatment on the Retention of Loquat Phenolics and Antioxidants during Tray and Freeze-Drying
    (Sidas Medya A.S., 2024) Oner, Manolya Eser; Ozkan, Gulay; Dogan, Ilayda; Esatbeyoglu, Tuba; Capanoglu, Esra
    In this study, the effect of ultrasound (US) pretreatment (600W for 30 min) prior to tray drying (TD) (46±1°C at 1.10 m/s) and freeze drying (FD) (-58°C at 0.001 mbar) on the quality characteristics of loquat cubes was investigated. US pretreatment in TD demonstrated a significant decrease in drying time (19.67%) and an increase in drying rates (22.23%, p<0.05). With US pretreatment, the effective moisture diffusivity increased from 7.83x10-9 to 8.92x10-9 m2/s in TD. The highest rehydration capacity (4.47±0.23 g/g) was found in FD samples with US. In comparison to TD and control samples, FD samples had higher phenolic contents. US pretreatment significantly reduced phenolic contents from 1551.19±142.12 to 1197.03±80.51 mg GAE/100g and from 770.12±125.93 to 374.78±71.95 mg GAE/100g for FD and TD, respectively (p<0.05). The antioxidant capacity of loquat cubes significantly decreased with TD compared to FD (p<0.05). Results indicated that FD is a viable option for drying loquat cubes with a low moisture content, high rehydration capacity, and enhanced phenolic content and antioxidant activity. © 2024 Sidas Medya A.S.. All rights reserved.
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    Effect of various food processing techniques on the retention of loquat phenolics and their antioxidant capacity during in vitro digestion
    (Springer, 2024) Ozkan, Gulay; Oner, Manolya Eser; Tas, Dilara; Esatbeyoglu, Tuba; Capanoglu, Esra
    Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) is a perishable fruit with a huge potential for processing. In this study, the effects of food processing techniques and in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on the phenolics of loquat products were investigated. For this purpose, the results of processed loquat products including juice, nectar, leather, pulp, and jam were compared to the control loquat samples. Spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods were used to analyze the total phenolic (TPC) and total flavonoid contents (TFC), individual phenolic compounds (chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, epicatechin) as well as total antioxidant capacity by DPPH and CUPRAC assays. The TPC and TFC of loquat products varied from 61.2 +/- 5.4 to 855.7 +/- 36.0 mg GAE/100 g and 37.2 +/- 1.6 to 979.5 +/- 65.3 mg CE/100 g, respectively. As in total phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidants, the highest chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, and epicatechin contents were obtained in loquat leather as 201.20 +/- 9.99 mg/100 g, 47.50 +/- 2.21 mg/100 g, and 46.87 +/- 0.28 mg/100 g, respectively. In addition to these, after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, it was revealed that loquat leather had the highest TPC, TFC, and total antioxidant capacity values compared to other samples. Results have indicated that the phenolic content of fresh loquat fruits could be improved or protected, mainly by processing into leather and/or jam. Thus, the product scale for this fruit can be increased by obtaining foods with high nutritional value.
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    Effects of non-thermal food processing techniques on the composition, bioaccessibility and shelf-life of bioactive compounds in a fruit juice blend
    (Elsevier, 2025) Ozkan, Gulay; Oner, Manolya Eser; Fischer, Annik; Juadjur, Andreas; Aganovic, Kemal; Drager, Gerald; Capanoglu, Esra
    In this study, the effects at various conditions of high-pressure processing (HPP) at 600 MPa/3 min, 500 MPa/5 min, 500 MPa/10 min, pulsed electric field (PEF) at 120 kJ/L-24 kV/cm, 100 kJ/L-20 kV/cm, 100 kJ/L-15 kV/ cm and thermal treatment (TT) at 80 degrees C/ 30 min on the stability, digestibility properties, and durability during shelf-life of phenolic compounds in fruit juice blend (21 % kiwi, 10.5 % mango, 37 % orange, 31.5 % blueberry) have been investigated. Results of this study indicated that the highest content on bioactive substance and antioxidant capacity values were obtained for HPP treatment at 600 MPa/3 min and for PEF treatment at 120 kJ/ L-24 kV/cm. After in vitro digestion, the highest total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and total anthocyanin content (TAC) values were detected in the PEF treated samples. Moreover, the bioactive content of the non-thermal-treated samples was found to be protected as that of thermal-treated sample during storage, except for individual anthocyanin and vitamin C contents in HPP-treated samples.
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    Efficacy of cold plasma technology on the constituents of plant-based food products: Principles, current applications, and future potentials
    (Elsevier, 2023) Oner, Manolya Eser; Subasi, Busra Gultekin; Ozkan, Gulay; Esatbeyoglu, Tuba; Capanoglu, Esra
    Cold plasma (CP) is one of the novel non-thermal food processing technologies, which has the potential to extend the shelf-life of plant-based food products without adversely affecting the nutritional value and sensory characteristics. Besides microbial inactivation, this technology has been explored for food functionality, pesticide control, and allergen removals. Cold plasma technology presents positive results in applications related to food processing at a laboratory scale. This review discusses applications of CP technology and its effect on the constituents of plant-based food products including proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and polar and non-polar secondary plant metabolites. As proven by the publications in the food field, the influence of CP on the food constituents and sensory quality of various food materials are mainly based on CP-related factors such as processing time, voltage level, power, frequency, type of gas, gas flow rate as well as the amount of sample, type, and content of food constituents. In addition to these, changes in the secondary plant metabolites depend on the action of CP on both cell membrane breakdown and increase/decrease in the scavenging compounds. This technology offers a good alternative to conventional methods by inactivating enzymes and increasing antioxidant levels. With a waterless and chemical-free property, this sustainable and energy-efficient technology presents several advantages in food applications. However, scaling up CP by ensuring uniform plasma treatment is a major challenge. Further investigation is required to provide information regarding the toxicity of plasma-treated food products.
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    Introduction to nutraceuticals, medicinal foods, and herbs
    (Elsevier, 2021) Özdal, Tuğba; Tomas, Merve; Toydemir, Gamze; Kamiloglu, Senem; Capanoglu, Esra
    The attention in nutraceuticals and functional foods keeps growing, driven by progressive research efforts to identify the properties and potential applications of nutraceuticals. The current population and health trends are the main reasons for the growth of the functional food market. Cardiovascular disease remains the primary leading cause of death, and cancer, osteoporosis, and arthritis remain extremely common. Medicinal foods and herbs, considered as alternative medicine methods, do not reject the validity and effectiveness of modern medicine, but rather play a role in supporting the treatment with modern medicine. Phytochemicals with therapeutic effects from various parts of plants have been used for food, spice, and medicinal purposes since the beginning of human history. The most important uses of aromatic plants can be listed as their application in pharmaceutical, perfume, cosmetics, toothpaste, soap, sugar, beverage, and food industries. Essential oils used in many industries, such as cosmetics, food, chemistry, and medicine, are also obtained from medicinal and aromatic plants. In addition, chewing gum, healing and relaxing tea production, paint, resin, gum, animal feed, building-coating materials, aroma, and natural pesticides are also considered. In this chapter, nutraceuticals, health effects of medicinal foods and herbs, the use of aromatic and medicinal herbs, herb products market, and present problems are evaluated in detail. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.