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    Analysis of fusion of sphenooccipital synchondrosis using computed tomography in Turkish population
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Candan, Busra; Saygin, Duygu Akin; Emlik, Ganimet Dilek; Kabakci, Anil Didem Aydin
    Ossification centres in the adult skeleton are important markers for age estimation. Sphenooccipital synchondrosis (SOS) is of particular significance in forensic anthropology case work due to its late closure in adolescent age groups. The aim of this study is to evaluate the SOS fusion degree for age estimation of the Turkish population. In this study, images of 298 patients within the age of 5 to 25 years were retrospectively examined. The fusion degree of the SOS was assessed using a 5-stage system. Eight morphological measurements were taken from sagittal images and completely open types. We found that the upper end width of the synchondrosis was significantly lower than the lower end width of the synchondrosis. SOS fusion began at the superior border of the synchondrosis. Fusion starts 2 years earlier in females than in males, and the process of fusion completes at the age of 17 years in males and at the age of 19 years in females in this study. In conclusion, we consider that the differences in SOS fusion among studies are due to racial diversity and different methodologies and the SOS fusion stage is as a supportive evidence for age estimation in the presence of other clues.
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    Correlation of some anatomical angles of the shoulder with rotator cuff syndrome
    (Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2023) Candan, Busra; Torun, Ebru; Dikici, Rumeysa; Avnioglu, Seda; Gunal, Mehmet Yalcin
    Background: Shoulder movement occurs through the coordinated work of muscles, tendons, ligaments, and bones, primarily that affect the glenohumeral joint. Some distances and the angles between the bones forming this joint are important in shoulder pathologies. In this study, we aimed to determine the evaluation of nine different radiological parameters related to acromion and humerus in rotator cuff syndrome and control group patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 400 patients' routine clinic radiographs were retrospectively assessed, which have rotator cuff syndrome (n = 210), and control group (n = 190). We measured the critical shoulder angle (CSA), distance of glenoid-acromion (GA), distance of glenoid-humeral head (GH), acromial index, lateral acromial angle (LAA), total shoulder arthroplasty angle (TSA), reverse shoulder arthroplasty angle (RSA), Point T represents the superior border of the glenoid cavity, Point S represents the inferior border of the glenoid cavity, point R represents the intersection of the supraspinatus fossa line with the glenoid surface. RST angle, and greater tuberosity angle (GTA) angle. We determined the type of acromion. Results: We determined that the GH, TSA, RST, and GTA were significantly different between rotator cuff syndrome and control group patients. When we evaluated the acromion type, Type 2 was the most common type. Different from the literature, when we evaluated the relationship between acromion types and angles, we determined that LAA, GA, and TSA parameters were significantly different between acromion types. Conclusions: In this study, we determined the importance of measurements and angles in rotator cuff syndrome. We think that the relationship between acromion types and parameters can contribute to the literature. Moreover, we believe that our study will contribute to the literature in terms of gathering many angles that are important in shoulder pathologies in a single study.
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    In Vivo Morphology of the Sternum with Emphasis on the Frequency of Sternal Foramen
    (Springernature, 2025) Karagulle, Mehmet; Candan, Busra; Torun, Ebru; Hizay, Arzu; Keles-Celik, Nigar
    ObjectiveTo determine the incidence and morphology of the foramen in the sternum and to investigate the connection between the foramen and the types of xiphoid process terminations. Materials and MethodsA total of 1600 subjects over the age of 18 were evaluated retrospectively with three-dimensional bone configuration from computed tomography. The localization, morphology of the sternal foramen, and types of xiphoid process terminations were investigated. ResultsA sternal foramen was found in 127 subjects, with 74 (58.3%) located in the corpus and 53 (41.7%) in the xiphoid process. The xiphoid process termination types were as follows: single in 87 subjects (68.5%), double-ended in 34 subjects (26.8%), and triple-ended in 6 subjects (4.7%). No statistically significant correlation was found between xiphoid process termination type and foramen localization (p = 0.92, p > 0.05). ConclusionThe sternal foramen is of clinical important due to the important vital structures such as pericardium and pleura located posteriorly. Due to the high incidence of the sternal foramen and its morphologically large area, preliminary screening must be performed before clinical applications to the region. In addition, the sternal foramen is an important embryological variation that should be taken into consideration in terms of forensic medicine research and medical education.
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    Irbesartan restored aquaporin-1 levels via inhibition of NF-kB expression in acute kidney injury model
    (Soc Espanola Nefrologia Dr Rafael Matesanz, 2024) Candan, Busra; Ilhan, Ilter; Sarman, Emine; Sevimli, Murat
    Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious pathology that progress with dysfunction of regulating blood pressure and fluid balance, concentrating urine due to decrement of aquaporin-1 (AQP) levels during the inflammation process. Irbesartan (IRN), angiotensin receptor blocker, is widely used in the treatment of hypertension, which also has antiinflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties. The aim of this study is to investigate the protective effects of IRN in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced kidney injury. Material and methods: Twenty-four rats divided into three groups as control, LPS and LPS + IRN group. After 6 h of LPS administration, rats were sacrificed. Blood samples and half of the kidney tissues were collected for biochemical analysis and remaining tissues were taken for histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis. Results: In the LPS group, glomerular congestion and shrinkage, degeneration of distal tubules, mononuclear cell infiltration, cellular debris and intense proteinous accumulation in the tubules, increased expressions of Cas-3, nuclear factor kappa beta-p65 (NF-kB p65), levels of creatinin, TOS, OSI and decreased levels of TAS, AQP-1 were found significantly. IRN treatment reversed all these parameters. IRN's restorated AQP-1 levels by its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects due to inhibiting NF-kB expression. Conclusion: This study suggests that IRN can be used in conditions affecting the kidneys such as AKI. Further studies needed for detailed molecular investigation of IRN at different doses and durations. (c) 2023 Sociedad Espa nola de Nefrolog & imath;a. Published by Elsevier Espa na, S.L.U. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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    Morphometric evaluation of superficial anastomatic veins of the brain using venous MR angiography
    (Springer France, 2025) Ozkal, Birol; Candan, Busra; Top, Esra; Yasin, Muge
    PurposeThis study aimed to perform a morphometric analysis of the main superficial anastomotic veins of the brain the vein of Trolard (VT), vein of Labb & eacute; (VL), and superficial Sylvian vein (SSV) using magnetic resonance venography (MRV), and to compare the findings with the literature to assess clinical and surgical implications.MethodsMRV scans of 154 individuals (105 females, 49 males; mean age: 42.12 +/- 16.39 years) obtained between 2020 and 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. The presence, length, midpoint diameter, course, drainage pattern, dominance, and interconnections of the VT, VL, and SSV were evaluated bilaterally. Statistical analyses included chi-square, independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U, Pearson correlation, and Holm-Bonferroni correction.ResultsVT was the most prevalent vein, observed in 88.3% of right and 76.6% of left hemispheres, most often located in the postcentral region. VL was present in 74.0% (right) and 66.9% (left), draining mainly into the transverse sinus. SSV was identified in 74.3% (right) and 63.6% (left). Significant associations were found between right VL and SSV (p = 0.0003) and between left VT and right SSV (p = 0.0385, not significant after correction). VT predominated in the right hemisphere and VL in the left. No correlation was found between age and morphometric parameters.ConclusionSuperficial cerebral veins exhibit marked anatomical variability. Understanding their course and drainage is essential for neurosurgical planning, particularly in lateral and trans-Sylvian approaches. This study provides updated morphometric data to help minimize venous injury and support future anatomical and surgical research.