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Öğe Could Some Measurements of the Scapula be Related to Rotator Cuff Syndrome?(2022) Candan, Büşra; Torun, EbruBackground: The scapula plays a unique role in shoulder movement and stability. The dimensions of the scapula and its geometry, however, are of essential importance in the pathomechanics of rotator cuff syndrome, total shoulder arthroplasty, and recurrent shoulder dislocation. The aim of this study is to determine the scapula morphology and to investigate with the relationship between rotator cuff syndrome. Materials and Methods: This study was a retrospective, observational study, and a total of 232 radiographs, 125 of which were male and 107 were female, were analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups as follows: Patients with rotator cuff syndrome (116 patients) and patients with no history of shoulder problems (116 patients). 9 different parameters were measured: The maximum scapular length, the maximum scapular width, the scapular index, the maximum glenoid cavity length, the maximum glenoid cavity width, the glenoid cavity index, the length of acromion, the distances between the acromion and coracoid process and length of the spina scapula. Results: The maximum scapular length, the maximum glenoid cavity length (p=0.009) and the length of spina scapula (p=0.041) were significantly different between the rotator cuff and control groups in evaluating parameters. All parameters were significantly different between male and female patients (p<0.05). Conclusion: A detailed knowledge of scapular anatomy is essential for successful total shoulder arthroplasty or surgical treatment of disorders related to scapula and shoulder. We think that the measurements of acromion, glenoid and scapula sizes obtained from our study will help surgeons to better understand shoulder morphology and to decide on the appropriate glenoid component size for shoulder arthroplasty. The fact that the lengths of the scapula, glenoid cavity and spina scapula are significantly different in rotator cuff syndrome suggests that scapula morphology may be effective in rotator cuff syndrome.Öğe Determination and classification of cutaneous innervation of the dorsum of the foot in foetal cadavers(Via Medica, 2018) Candan, Büşra; Albay, SonerBackground: The aim of this study is to determine cutaneous innervation of the dorsum of the foot on foetal cadavers. Materials and methods: In this study. 200 limbs from 100 embalmed foetuses (54 males and 46 females) were studied in Anatomy Laboratory. Contributions of medial, lateral and intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerves (MDCN, LDCN and IDCN) of the foot were identified. Results: Cutaneous innervation of the dorsum of the foot was classified into five types. Type I (75%) where MDCN innervated medial border of the foot and second interdigital cleft; IDCN innervated third, fourth and fifth interdigital clefts; and LDCN innervated the lateral border of the foot. Type II (21%) where MDCN innervated medial border of the foot, second and third interdigital clefts; IDCN innervated fourth and fifth interdigital clefts; and LDCN innervated the lateral border of the foot. Type III (1.5%) where saphenous nerve innervated medial border of the foot; MDCN innervated second and third interdigital clefts; IDCN innervated fourth and fifth interdigital clefts; and LDCN innervated the lateral border of the foot. Type IV (1.5%) was similar to type I, with an extra connection between the MDCN and IDCN on the dorsum of the foot. Type V (1%) where superficial fibular nerve innervated medial border of the foot, and second, third and fourth interdigital clefts; and sural nerve innervated fifth interdigital cleft and lateral border of the foot. Conclusions: The present study provides a new classification for the cutaneous innervation of the dorsum of the foot.Öğe Entry points of the terminal motor branches of common fibular nerve in fetuses(2019) Candan, Büşra; Albay, SonerObjective The aim of this study was to describe the course of the common fibular nerve and its terminal branches with a special emphasis on the entry points of the motor branches on fetal cadavers. Material and Methods In this study, 200 limbs from 100 embalmed fetuses (54 males and 46 females) were studied. Location and the entry points of the motor of terminal branches of common fibular nerve were observed via dissection. The distances from bifurcation of common fibular nerve to the lateral epicondyle and lateral malleolus were measured. Distances between the entry points of the motor branches of the anterior and lateral muscles of the leg and lateral malleolus were measured. Furthermore, we examined the course of the superficial fibular nerve and measured the distance between the bifurcation level of superficial fibular nerve and the lateral malleolus.esults We found that all parameters were increased with age during the fetal period (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between genders for any parameter (p>0.05). The difference in the number of the entry points of the motor branches among the anterior and lateral muscles of the leg was statistically significant. Superficial fibular nerve coursed only in the lateral compartment of the leg in 77.5% of the cases, and both in the anterior and lateral compartments in 22.5%. Conclusion The present study has revealed the course of common fibular nerve and location of the entry points of the motor branches of its branches during the fetal period. Hopefully, the present study will provide useful base for further studies.Öğe Investigation of the Relationship Between foot Deformities and Radiographic Measurements of the Talus and Calcaneus(2022) Candan, Büşra; Torun, Ebru; Dikici, RumeysaThe weight of the body is transmitted to the foot through the subtalar joint and talus. Considering the important location of the talus and calcaneus, the morphological structures of these bones may affect the biomechanics of the subtalar joint. At the same time, the morphological structure of these bones is important in some common foot deformities. We aimed to investigate whether the various measurements of the talus and calcaneus are associated with different foot deformities in this study. In this study, radiography images of 158 (72 male and 86 female) patients within the mean age of 44 years were retrospectively examined. Eleven different measurements of the talus and calcaneus were obtained from the lateral and antero-posterior radiographs of the patients. A total of 158 patient's routine clinic radiographs were retrospectively assessed, which have calcaneal spur (n=63), hallux valgus (n=32) and control group (n=63). We determined that the body height of the calcaneus, maximum width of the head of the talus, minimum anterior width of the calcaneus were significantly different between calcaneal spur group and control group. Maximum length fibular malleolar facet of the talus was significantly different between age groups. And we determined that the calcaneal index was significantly different between hallux valgus group and control groups. Also all measurements were significantly different between males and females. As a result, some measurements that significantly determine the morphology of the talus and calcaneus were found to be significant between deformity groups and control groups. We think that our study will contribute to the literature as it is the first study in which the measurements obtained from the radiographic images of the talus and calcaneus are associated with foot deformities.Öğe Kabakulağa Bağlı İşitme Kaybı: Vaka Sunumu ve Derleme(Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt Üniversitesi, 2022) Dikici, Rumeysa; Candan, Büşra; Sarısakaloğlu, TahaÇocukluk çağındaki işitme kayıpları konuşma, lisan öğrenme, zekâ gelişimi, okul başarısı gibi önemli konularda olumsuz etkiye sahiptir. Bu derlemeyle; 12 yıllık izlemi olan, kabakulağa bağlı unilateral işitme kaybı yaşayan bir vakadan yola çıkarak kabakulağa bağlı işitme kaybının literatürdeki yerini belirleyip, ileride yapılacak çalışmalara katkı sağlamayı hedefledik. 20 yaşındaki erkek hasta, 8 yaşında iken soğuk havada dışarıya çıktıktan 2 gün sonra aniden duymamaya başladığını, şikâyetlerine ateş ve ağrının eşlik ettiğini belirtmiştir. Tedavi için geç kalındığı söylenen hasta unilateral işitme kaybıyla hayatına devam etmiştir. Literatür taramaları ile konumuzla ilgili çalışmaları değerlendirdik. Kabakulakta klinik olarak en sık %60-70 parotit, %25 epididimo-orşit, %1-10 ensefalit ve %4 geçici yüksek frekans işitme kaybı görülmektedir. Literatüre göre unilateral kalıcı işitme kaybı 1/20.000 vakada görülmektedir. Yalnızca çocuklarda değil yetişkinlerde de kabakulak virüsünün tama yakın işitme kaybına ve ciddi komplikasyonlara yol açabileceği rapor edilmiştir. İşitme kaybına ve kabakulak şüphesine erken müdahalenin önemi hakkında aile bilgilendirmeleri yapılmalı, aşılamanın önemi vurgulanmalıdır. Kabakulağa bağlı işitme kayıpları çeşitlilik gösterdiği için vaka çalışmalarının değerlendirilmesinin faydalı olacağını düşünmekteyiz.Öğe Koksidinialı Hastalarda koksiksin morfometrik değerlendirilmesi ve sınıflandırması(Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat Üniversitesi, 2020) Özkal, Birol; Avnioğlu, Seda; Candan, BüşraAmaç: Koksidinalı hastalarda morfolojik ve patolojik anatominin özellikleri sınıflandırmayı amaçladık.Hastalar ve yöntem: Nisan 2015 - Nisan 2018 tarihleri arasında Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat Üniversitesi Eğitim Araştırma Hastanesine koksidina yakınması ile başvuran 16 yaş ve üzerindeki hastalar çalışmaya dahil edildi. Hastaların oturarak ve ayakta çekilen koksiks ve ön-arka pelvis grafileri retrospektif olarak incelendi.Bulgular: Koksiksin skolyozunun, hipermobilitesinin ve dislokasyonunun sakrokoksigeal açılanma ile ilişkili olmadığı görüldü. Hastaların oturarak ve ayakta çekilen koksiks grafi ölçümlerinde sakrokoksigeal ve interkoksigeal açıları arasında pozitif yönlü anlamlı bir ilişki bulundu. Ameliyat olmamış hastalarda sakrum ve koksiks uzunluğu arasında ve interkoksigeal açı ve koksiks uzunluğu arasında ilişki bulundu. Erkeklerde sakrokoksigeal eklem uzunluğu ile sakrokoksigeal açı ilişkili bulundu. Kadınlarda sakrokoksigeal eklemde füzyonun daha düşük olduğu tespit edildi. Sonuç: Koksidina yakınması ile gelen hastalar değerlendirilirken koksiksin tüm düzlemlerde hareket edebilen ve patoloji geliştirebilen bir omurga segmenti olduğu unutulmamalıdır. Bu hastaların yan ve AP pozisyonda oturarak ve ayakta çekilen dinamik direkt grafilerle değerlendirilmesi patolojinin bulunmasında etkili bir yöntemdir. Koksidinalı hastalarının sınıflandırılmasında her üç düzlemde patoloji içeren yeni sınıflandırma gereklidir. Sınıflandırmamızın bu eksikliği gidereceğini düşünmekteyiz.Öğe The Prevalence of Accessory Ossicles, Sesamoid Bones, and Biphalangism of the Foot and Ankle: A Radiographic Study(2022) Candan, Büşra; Torun, Ebru; Dikici, RümeysaBackground: Accessory ossicles, sesamoid bones, and biphalangism of toes are the most common developmental variations of the foot. These bones may be associated with painful syndromes; however, their clinical importance is not well understood because the reported prevalence varies widely. Therefore, we aimed to investigate these variants in Turkish subjects. Methods: A total of 1651 foot radiographs were retrospectively assessed. Radiographs of feet were examined regarding the prevalence, sex, and bilaterality of accessory ossicles, sesamoid bones, and biphalangism in Turkish subjects. Results: Accessory ossicles (26.1%) and sesamoid bones (8%) were detected. The most common accessory ossicles were os trigonum (9.8%), accessory navicular bone (7.9%), and os peroneum (5.8%). Also, we detected os supratalare (0.48%), os calcanei secundarium (0.42%) os subfibulare (0.42%), os supranaviculare (0.36%), os vesalianum (0.30%), os subtibiale (0.24%), os intermetatarseum (0.12%), and os subcalcis (0.12%). We observed bipartite hallux sesamoid in 1.8% and interphalangeal sesamoid bone of the hallux in 0.7% of radiographs. Incidences of metatarsophalangeal sesamoid bones were found as 0.6%, 0.06%, 0.6%, and 5.8% in the second, third, fourth, and fifth digit, respectively. We observed biphalangeal toe in 0.5%, 1.7%, 3.5%, and 37.6% in the second, third, fourth, and fifth toe, respectively. Conclusion: This study is the first detailed report on the incidence of the most common variants of the foot and ankle in a wide-ranging patients' series in Turkish subjects. Our study's findings will contribute to reducing misdiagnosis. Clinical relevance: The results of this study may provide anatomical data that could help clinicians in the diagnosis and management of disorders that present with pain and discomfort in the feet. Knowledge of these variants is important to prevent misinterpreting them as fractures.Öğe The Prevalence of Accessory Ossicles, Sesamoid Bones, and Biphalangism of the Foot and Ankle: A Radiographic Study Open Access(2022) Candan, Büşra; Torun, Ebru; Dikici, RumeysaAbstract Background: Accessory ossicles, sesamoid bones, and biphalangism of toes are the most common developmental variations of the foot. These bones may be associated with painful syndromes; however, their clinical importance is not well understood because the reported prevalence varies widely. Therefore, we aimed to investigate these variants in Turkish subjects. Methods: A total of 1651 foot radiographs were retrospectively assessed. Radiographs of feet were examined regarding the prevalence, sex, and bilaterality of accessory ossicles, sesamoid bones, and biphalangism in Turkish subjects. Results: Accessory ossicles (26.1%) and sesamoid bones (8%) were detected. The most common accessory ossicles were os trigonum (9.8%), accessory navicular bone (7.9%), and os peroneum (5.8%). Also, we detected os supratalare (0.48%), os calcanei secundarium (0.42%) os subfibulare (0.42%), os supranaviculare (0.36%), os vesalianum (0.30%), os subtibiale (0.24%), os intermetatarseum (0.12%), and os subcalcis (0.12%). We observed bipartite hallux sesamoid in 1.8% and interphalangeal sesamoid bone of the hallux in 0.7% of radiographs. Incidences of metatarsophalangeal sesamoid bones were found as 0.6%, 0.06%, 0.6%, and 5.8% in the second, third, fourth, and fifth digit, respectively. We observed biphalangeal toe in 0.5%, 1.7%, 3.5%, and 37.6% in the second, third, fourth, and fifth toe, respectively. Conclusion: This study is the first detailed report on the incidence of the most common variants of the foot and ankle in a wide-ranging patients’ series in Turkish subjects. Our study’s findings will contribute to reducing misdiagnosis. Clinical Relevance: The results of this study may provide anatomical data that could help clinicians in the diagnosis and management of disorders that present with pain and discomfort in the feet. Knowledge of these variants is important to prevent misinterpreting them as fractures.Öğe UTERUS DOKUSU ÜZERİNE DOKSORUBİSİN VE AGOMELATİN’İN ETKİLERİ: HİSTOPATOLOJİK BİR ÇALIŞMA(2024) Candan, Büşra; Gülpak, Malik Ejder; Sezgıner, PerıhanAmaç Antrasiklin bir antibiyotik olan doksorubisin (DOX) çeşitli kanser tiplerinin tedavilerinde kullanılan bir ilaçtır. Apoptozis, inflamasyon, serbest radikal oluşumu ve mitokondriyal DNA hasarı sonucunda akciğer, böbrek, kalp, karaciğer, beyin ve over gibi organlarda hasara neden olur. Agomelatin (AGO) güçlü bir antioksidan olan melatoninin agonistidir. AGO’nun; kalp, beyin, böbrek, karaciğer ve over dokularında anti-inflamatuar ve antioksidan etkinliği çeşitli çalışmalarla ortaya konulmuştur. Bu çalışmada, DOX’un uterus dokusunda neden olduğu toksisite üzerine AGO’nun koruyucu etkisini belirlemeyi amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntem Bu çalışma her grupta 8 dişi sıçan olacak şekilde toplamda 32 sıçan üzerinde gerçekleştirildi. Deney grupları; Kontrol, DOX, DOX+AGO20 ve DOX+AGO40 şeklinde 4 gruptan oluşturuldu. Kontrol grubunda yer alan sıçanlara 12 gün boyunca günde tek doz 1 ml serum fizyolojik (SF) oral gavajla ve sadece 12. gün intraperitoneal olarak verildi. DOX grubundaki hayvanlara 12 gün boyunca her gün oral gavaj yöntemiyle 1 ml SF ve 12.günde intraperitoneal (i.p.) olarak tek doz 40 mg/kg DOX verildi. DOX+AGO20 grubundaki hayvanlara 12 gün boyunca her gün oral gavaj yöntemiyle 20 mg/kg AGO ve 12.gün i.p. olarak 40 mg/kg DOX verildi. DOX+AGO40 grubunda yer alan hayvanlara da 12 gün boyunca her gün oral gavaj tekniğiyle 40 mg/kg AGO ve 12.günde 40 mg/kg i.p. olarak DOX verildi. Bulgular Yapılan histopatolojik işlemler ve incelemeler sonucunda DOX grubuna ait uterus dokularında oluşan hasarlanmaya karşı, DOX+ AGO20 ve DOX+AGO40 kombine uygulanan gruplarda hasarın azaldığı görülmüştür. İmmün boyamalar (E-kadherin ve eNOS) sonucunda da DOX grubunda boyanma şiddetinin fazla, DOX+ AGO20 ve DOX+AGO40 kombine gruplarda ise daha az olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç Sonuç olarak DOX’un uterus dokusunda oluşturduğu hasara karşı AGO’nun koruyucu etkisi olduğunu düşünmekteyiz.Öğe Variations of Formation, Distribution and Communications of Median Nerve in Fetal Cadavers(2021) Öztürk, Kenan; Candan, Büşra; Dursun, Ahmet; Kastamoni, Yadigar; Tunalı, Selçuk; Albay, SonerObjective: Variations of the median nerve (MN) are important for clinical and surgical approaches. In this study, it was aimed to determine the formation, distribution and communication of the MN in fetal cadavers.Material and Method: This study was carried out on 80 upper extremities obtained from 40 spontaneously aborted human fetuses (22 females, 18 males) aged between 18 and 40 weeks. Median, ulnar and musculocutaneous nerve (MSCN) and their branches were identified and distribution of their branches was determined. The distribution, formation and communications of the MN were examined. Results: In this study, it was seen that the MN was composed of three roots in the 6 (7.5%) of 80 upper limbs. It was also found that the MN innervated the flexor muscles of the arm in two extremities despite MSCN was present (2.5%). It has also been determined that the MN innervated the flexor muscles of the arm in one extremity where MSCN was absent (1.25%). In addition, communications between the MSCN and the MN was detected in 3 (3.75%) extremities. Finally, in our study, Martin-Gruber communication was found 3.75% while Marinacci communication was not determined. Conclusions: This study identified variations and communications of the MN by means of fetal cadaveric dissection. These variations will adversely affect the correct diagnosis and treatment planning in upper extremity injuries. Therefore, precise knowledge of the variations and communications of the MN will be useful for surgeons to avoid iatrogenic injuries during surgical interventions in this region.
