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    Effect of polishing and denture cleansers on the surface roughness of new-generation denture base materials and their color change after cleansing
    (Wiley, 2024) Cakmak, Guelce; Hess, Julia Anouk; Donmez, Mustafa Borga; Yilmaz, Deniz; Alhotan, Abdulaziz; Schimmel, Martin; Peutzfeldt, Anne
    Purpose: To evaluate the effect of polishing and denture cleansers on the surface roughness (Ra) of new-generation denture basematerials that are additively, subtractively, and conventionally fabricated, while also assessing their color change after cleansing. Material and Methods: One hundred and fifty disk-shaped specimens (O10 x 2 mm) were prepared from five denture base materials (one subtractively manufactured nanographene-reinforced prepolymerized polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) (SM-GC), one subtractively manufactured prepolymerized PMMA (SM-PM), two additively manufactured denture base resins (AM-DT and AM-ND), and one heat-polymerized PMMA (CV) (n = 30). The R-a of the specimens was measured before and after conventional laboratory polishing, while color coordinates were measured after polishing. Specimens were then divided into three subgroups based on the denture cleanser: distilled water, 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and effervescent tablet (n = 10). The R-a and color coordinates were remeasured after nine cleansing cycles over a period of 20 days. The CIEDE2000 formula was used to calculate the color differences (Delta E-00). Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the R-a values before (n = 30) and after (n = 10) cleansing, while repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze the R-a of material-time point pairs within each denture cleanser (n = 10). Delta E-00 data after denture cleansing was also analyzed by using two-way ANOVA (n = 10) (a = 0.05). Results: Before polishing, Ra varied significantly among the materials. SM-GC and SM-PM had the lowest and AM-ND the highest Ra values (P < 0.001). Polishing significantly reduced R-a of all materials (P < 0.001), and after polishing, Ra differences among materials were nonsignificant (P >= 0.072). Regardless of the denture cleanser, the R-a of AM-DT, AM-ND, and CV was the highest before polishing when different time points were considered (P < 0.001). After cleansing, AM-ND had the highest R-a of all the materials, regardless of the cleanser (P <= 0.017). AM-DT had higher R-a than SM-PM when distilled water (P = 0.040) and higher R-a than SM-GC, SM-PM, and CV when NaOCl was used (P < 0.001). The type of cleanser significantly influenced the R-a of AM-DT, AM-ND, and CV. For AM-DT, NaOCl led to the highest R-a and the tablet led to the lowest R-a (P <= 0.042), while for AM-ND, distilled water led to the lowest R-a (P <= 0.024). For CV, the tablet led to lower R-a than distilled water (P = 0.009). Color change varied among the materials. When distilled water was used, SM-GC had higher Delta E-00 than SM-PM and AM-DT (P <= 0.034). When NaOCl was used, AM-ND had higher Delta E-00 than SM-GC, SM-PM, and AM-DT, while CV and SM-GC had higher Delta E-00 than SM-PM and AM-DT (P = 0.039). Finally, when the tablet was used, AM-ND and CV had the highest Delta E-00, while AM-DT had lower Delta E-00 than SM-GC (P = 0.015). Conclusions: The tested materials had unacceptable surface roughness (>0.2 mu m) before polishing. Roughness decreased significantly after polishing (<0.2 mu m). Denture cleansers did not significantly affect the surface roughness of the materials, and roughness remained clinically acceptable after cleansing (<0.2 mu m). Considering previously reported color thresholds, AM-ND and CV had unacceptable color change regardless of the denture cleanser, and the effervescent tablet led to perceptible, but acceptable color change for SM-GC, SM-PM, and AM-DT.
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    Fabrication trueness and marginal quality of additively manufactured resin-based definitive laminate veneers with different restoration thicknesses
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2024) Cakmak, Guelce; Donmez, Mustafa Borga; Yilmaz, Deniz; Yoon, Hyung-In; Kahveci, Cig dem; Abou-Ayash, Samir; Yilmaz, Burak
    Objectives: To evaluate how restoration thickness (0.5 mm and 0.7 mm) affects the fabrication trueness of additively manufactured definitive resin-based laminate veneers, and to analyze the effect of restoration thickness and margin location on margin quality. Methods: Two maxillary central incisors were prepared either for a 0.5 mm- or 0.7 mm-thick laminate veneer. After acquiring the partial-arch scans of each preparation, laminate veneers were designed and stored as reference data. By using these reference data, a total of 30 resin-based laminate veneers were additively manufactured (n = 15 per thickness). All veneers were digitized and stored as test data. The reference and test data were superimposed to calculate the root mean square values at overall, external, intaglio, and marginal surfaces. The margin quality at labial, incisal, mesial, and distal surfaces was evaluated. Fabrication trueness at each surface was analyzed with independent t-tests, while 2-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the effect of thickness and margin location on margin quality (alpha = 0.05). Results: Regardless of the evaluated surface, 0.7 mm-thick veneers had lower deviations (P < 0.001). Only the margin location (P < 0.001) affected the margin quality as labial margins had the lowest quality (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Restoration thickness affected the fabrication trueness of resin-based laminate veneers as 0.7 mmthick veneers had significantly higher trueness. However, restoration thickness did not affect the margin quality and labial margins had the lowest quality. Clinical significance: Laminate veneers fabricated by using tested urethane-based acrylic resin may require less adjustment when fabricated in 0.7 mm thickness. However, marginal integrity issues may be encountered at the labial surface.
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    Öğe
    Influence of intraoral scanner and finish line location on the fabrication trueness and margin quality of additively manufactured laminate veneers fabricated with a completely digital workflow
    (Mosby-Elsevier, 2024) Cakmak, Guelce; Chebaro, Jad; Donmez, Mustafa Borga; Yilmaz, Deniz; Yoon, Hyung-In; Kahveci, Cigdem; Schimmel, Martin
    Statement of problem. Knowledge of the fabrication trueness and margin quality of additively manufactured (AM) laminate veneers (LVs) when different intraoral scanners (IOSs) and finish line locations are used is limited. Purpose. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the fabrication trueness and margin quality of AM LVs with different finish line locations digitized by using different IOSs. Material and methods. An LV preparation with a subgingival (sub), equigingival (equi), or supragingival (supra) finish line was performed on 3 identical maxillary right central incisor typodont teeth. Each preparation was digitized by using 2 IOSs, (CEREC Primescan [PS] and TRIOS 3 [TS]), and a reference LV for each finish line-IOS pair (n=6) was designed. A total of 90 LVs were fabricated by using these files and urethane acrylate-based definitive resin (Tera Harz TC-80DP) (n=15). Each LV was then digitized by using PS to evaluate fabrication trueness (overall, external, intaglio, and marginal surfaces). Each LV was also qualitatively evaluated under a stereomicroscope (x60), and the cervical and incisal margin quality was graded. Fabrication trueness and cervical margin quality were evaluated by using 2 -way analysis of variance, while Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney -U tests were used to evaluate incisal margin quality (alpha=.05). Results. The interaction between the IOS type and the finish line location affected measured deviations at each surface (P <=.020). PS -sub and TS -supra had higher overall trueness than their counterparts. and the subgingival finish line resulted in the lowest trueness (P <=.005). PS and the subgingival finish line led to the lowest trueness of the external surface (P <=.001). TS -sub had the lowest intaglio surface trueness among the TS subgroups, and PS -sub had higher trueness than TS -sub (P<.001). PS -sub and PS -supra had higher marginal surface trueness than their TS counterparts (P<.001). TS resulted in higher cervical margin quality (P=.001). Conclusions. Regardless of the IOS tested, subgingival finish lines resulted in the lowest trueness. The effect of IOS on the measured deviations varied according to the surface evaluated and finish line location. The cervical margin quality of AM LVs was higher when TS was used. (J Prosthet Dent 2024;131:313.e1 -e9)