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    Öğe
    Effect of Microstructure on Mechanical Properties of Activated Carbon (Green Filler) Produced as a Filler in Styrene Butadiene Rubber Matrix Compounds
    (Springer, 2025) Bulbul, Saban; Gokmese, Hakan; Ergun, Mehmet Emin
    In order to develop the properties of rubber matrix compounds to which Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) and carbon black (CB) were added, activated carbon compounds were produced from orange peel by using two different chemical activation agents (H3PO4 and ZnCl2). The effects of the compounds formed by adding activated carbon to SBR matrix compounds at different rates (0-5-10-15-20 phr) on the mechanical and physical properties were investigated. It has been observed that 5% activated carbon added to the compounds increases the tensile strength, % elongation and hardness. In FESEM images, it was figured out that the added fillings caused flocculation in the matrix, and porous structures increased. In addition, the activated carbon content affected the vulcanization and crosslinking time. ZnCl2, which had the highest surface area among the obtained activated carbons, was the activated carbon produced with the chemical activation agent. In determining properties of compounds, many production parameters such as the surface areas, densities, and chemical properties of the used fillers are important. Therefore, analyses such as BET, FESEM, EDS, and FT-IR were performed on the produced activated carbons, and the results were compared among themselves.
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    Öğe
    Production and characterization of activated carbon from Black Poplar (Populus Nigra) wood waste with different chemical activation methods
    (Ceyhun YILMAZ, 2022) Ergün, Mehmet Emin; Bulbul, Saban
    In this study, the producibility of activated carbon from wood waste by using the chemical activation method was investigated and the produced activated carbon was compared with commercial activated carbon. Activated carbon was produced from black poplar wood waste using zinc chloride and phosphoric acid. The density values of the produced activated carbons were determined by the picometer method. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) was used to analyze the microstructure and perform the elemental mapping. To determine the chemical content of activated carbon, it was also characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS). Based on the density and FE-SEM results, it was determined that the produced activated carbon had a lower density and porous structure. In addition, EDS analysis showed that the activated carbon produced from black poplar wood waste was purer than commercial activated carbon.
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    Öğe
    Utilization of orange peel waste for activated carbon production and its application in particleboard for formaldehyde emission reduction
    (Wiley, 2025) Ergun, Mehmet Emin; Koyuncu, Filiz; Istek, Abdullah; Ozlusoylu, Ismail; Bulbul, Saban; Kilic-Pekgozlu, Ayben
    Activated carbon (AC) is valued for its large surface area, porosity, and chemical adsorption properties, making it suitable for a wide range of industrial applications. Its most common sources are coconut shells, wood, and coal - all of which are costly or harmful to the environment. It is thus important to finding sustainable feedstock, such as agricultural waste. Inexpensive materials like waste orange peel have been used in the production of AC. This study explores the synthesis of AC from orange peel waste through phosphoric acid (H3PO4) activation for potential applications in reducing volatile organic compounds such as formaldehyde emissions in particleboard production. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to examine AC. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of AC was 497 m2g(-)(1). The addition of AC to urea-formaldehyde (UF) adhesive enhanced cross-linking and condensation reactions, improving the mechanical and physical properties of particleboards without compromising integrity. The effects of AC on formaldehyde emissions were assessed at 0 and 3 months. Compared to the control group, particleboards with AC showed a 28.98% reduction in free formaldehyde emissions at 0 months and a 45.25% reduction at 3 months. Activated carbon derived from orange peels can thus improve particleboard properties while reducing formaldehyde emissions in an environmentally sustainable way.