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    A New Approach for Respiratory Droplet Trajectory: Implications for Viral and Bacterial Disease Transmission in Emergency Departments
    (Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 2025) Aydin, Ismail Erkan; Aydin, Baran; Aydin Savas, Seckin; Aydin, Mehmet
    Background The objective of this study is to devise a simplified approach for estimating respiratory particle trajectory to avoid infection in gathering places of emergency departments. Methods To the authors’ knowledge, no sufficient/ obvious data exist on lateral routes of disease transmission through respiratory droplets along the x-axis. The present study establishes a preliminary baseline approach based on the upper pharynx-mouth geometry for lateral social distancing to protect susceptible persons from the droplets of an infected person. An enhanced version of ART (Aydin’s Research Team) model has been employed as a supplementary tool of Stokes’s law for quantification of motion dynamics of the virus/ bacterium-laden droplets in public indoor places. Results A range of droplet diameters varying from 1 ?m to 2000 ?m were considered in this study. The droplets with a diameter of ? 22.5 ?m can completely evaporate during settling and droplet nuclei can remain in the air for extended periods. An individual Influenza virus can stay airborne for 34.4 days, while a single Streptococcus bacterium remains suspended for 18.6 hours. The proper social distancing between infected and healthy persons should be about 2.9 and 0.9 m longitudinally, and 0.45 and 0.15 m laterally based on the novel aspects of the present study for sneezing/coughing and breathing/talking, respectively. The trajectory of respiratory particles in the streamwise and radial directions resembles the shape of a truncated cone due to the upper pharynx-mouth relationship. Conclusion The outcomes of this study can help further understanding of respiratory particle trajectory, thereby improving measures to mitigate disease transmission. © 2025 Tottori University Medical Press.
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    SARS-CoV motion dynamics: Linking in droplet size
    (Elsevier, 2024) Aydin, Mehmet; Savaş, Seckin Aydin
    The purpose of this study is to make a general comment on the models related to motion dynamics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)-laden respiratory droplets. Despite the interest in the topic due to the current pandemic, the published models are based on different assumptions with some limitations. In this chapter, the revised Aydin’s Research Team (ART) model has been used as a complementary model of Stokes’s law for the transport dynamics of a droplet of 1–2000?m in diameter under indoor and outdoor conditions. Stokes’s equation yields an accurate description of the falling time only for a limited range of the droplet diameter (?50?m). The ARTrev model appears to be mainly applied to the respiratory droplet size larger than or equal to 50?m, with the main finding that the settling duration of a droplet from 1.7m height to ground varied between 27.86s for a diameter of 50?m and 0.14s for a diameter of 2000?m under calm air conditions. The droplets ?15?m evaporated completely within the falling duration, and the droplet nuclei with a virus could stay suspended in the air as an aerosol for a long time. © 2024 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    The use of Hückel and Onsager equation to derive stimulating voltage for a cell
    (Nature Portfolio, 2025) Aydin, Ismail Erkan; Ovey, Ishak Suat; Bektas, Hesna; Aydin, Mehmet
    This article deals with the use of H & uuml;ckel-Onsager equation to determine potential drop in the voltage-dependent ion channels of cell membranes. The necessary parameters/variables were derived from literature to describe how one calculates entry potential at a hypothetical plane in the selectivity filter of ion channels. We start with computation of entry potential for a resting potential of -70 mV as soon as a few voltage-gated Na+ channels open. Calculated corresponding entry potential was - 15.01 mV. A simplified approach linked to this reference value of entry potential was devised for quantifying stimulus voltage to generate an action potential in the excitable cells with different resting potentials. Threshold voltage of stimulus, which is enough strength to depolarize cell membrane to threshold level, varied between 8.58 and 17.16 mV for the resting potentials of -40 and - 80 mV, respectively. The magnitude of difference between resting and threshold potentials was wider in case of higher negative resting voltages. The velocity and number of ions passing through one channel were indirectly computed for an estimated entry potential/stimulus voltage. Their quantities were the power functions of electrical field strengths. This work can lead to improving strategies for early management of status epilepticus in emergency departments.