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    Atrial Fibrillation Among ICU Patients with Type 2 Respiratory Failure: Who Is at Risk and What Are the Outcomes?
    (Mdpi, 2025) Mentes, Oral; Celik, Deniz; Yildiz, Murat; Ozdemir, Tarkan; Ari, Maside; Aksoy Guney, Eda Nur; Ari, Emrah
    Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) frequently occurs in individuals with hypercapnic type 2 respiratory failure and has the potential to adversely affect patient outcomes. This study sought to investigate the clinical features and prognostic significance of atrial fibrillation in patients admitted to the intensive care unit with hypercapnic type 2 respiratory failure. Methods: This retrospective, single-center study included 200 adult patients diagnosed with hypercapnic type 2 respiratory failure between May 2022 and May 2023. Patients were grouped according to whether atrial fibrillation was present or not. Demographic, laboratory, and echocardiographic findings, comorbidities, and outcomes were compared. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression were used to identify mortality predictors. Results: AF was present in 50.5% of patients. Those with AF were older, had higher Charlson Comorbidity Index scores, and a greater prevalence of heart failure (p < 0.001). No significant differences were found in arterial blood gas values. AF patients had higher urea, creatinine, and BNP levels, and lower hemoglobin, lymphocyte, eosinophil, and monocyte counts (p < 0.05). Echocardiography showed more severe tricuspid and mitral regurgitation, lower ejection fractions, and higher systolic pulmonary pressures in the AF group. About 20% of AF patients were not receiving anticoagulants at ICU admission. AF was associated with shorter survival (49.6 +/- 4.07 vs. 61.4 +/- 3.8 days, p = 0.031) and 1.6-fold higher mortality risk (HR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.04-2.47). Advanced age and low hemoglobin were independent predictors of mortality. Conclusions: AF is frequent among patients with type 2 respiratory failure and is linked to increased mortality. Despite known complications, treatment remains underutilized. AF should be actively screened during ICU admissions for respiratory failure.
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    Factors Affecting the Length of Hospital Stay in Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure
    (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2025) Ari, Maside; Özdemir, Tarkan; Yildiz, Murat; Çelik, Deniz; Usul, Eren; Ari, Emrah; Tuten, Omer Faruk
    Background/Objectives: Hypercapnic respiratory failure (HRF) is a primary cause of admittance to the intensive care unit (ICU). This study aimed to investigate the factors that affect the length of hospital stay in HRF patients. Methods: This study was designed as a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of patients who were admitted to the ICU because of HRF between 2022 and 2024. The demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients and laboratory results were recorded. The Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was calculated. The relationship between these parameters and the length of hospital stay was assessed. Results: A total of 138 patients were included in the study. The average length of hospital stay was 11.45 days, and 37% of the patients were included in the long-term hospitalization group. The degree of hypercapnia was not associated with the length of hospital stay. It was determined that the patients’ albumin levels and CCI were significant determinants of the length of hospital stay. The combined assessment of these two parameters was found to be superior compared to their separate evaluations. Conclusions: In our study, hypoalbuminemia and a higher CCI were identified as predictors of a prolonged ICU stay in HRF patients. Albumin levels of <3.25 g/dL and CCI scores of ?5 were linked to longer stays, with this combined evaluation offering greater predictive value. These factors can guide patient management. © 2024 by the authors.