Jatmiko, BudiRahman, Nizar RizkiPrahani, Binar KurniaHasyim, FaizSaphira, Hanandita VedaKurtuluş, Muhammed Akif2026-01-242026-01-242026https://doi.org/10.31893/multirev.2026215https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12868/4696Critical thinking skills are essential competencies in 21st-century education, particularly in physics learning at the higher education level, where students must analyze, evaluate, and solve complex problems systematically. This study aims to map research trends, challenges, and innovative instructional solutions for developing critical thinking skills in physics education through a systematic literature review (SLR) method via the PRISMA protocol. A total of 18 studies published between 2014 and 2024 were systematically collected from the Scopus database and SINTA 1-2 journals. The majority of the research was conducted in Indonesia, with two additional studies from Ethiopia. Most studies have applied quantitative experimental methods, especially pretest?posttest designs, to assess the impact of learning interventions. Several studies have also utilized research and development (R&D) and mixed-method approaches. The analysis revealed diverse instructional models, including project-based learning (e.g., e-STEM, PjBLRBL), blended learning, inquiry-based learning, augmented reality integration, virtual laboratories, and pocket mobile learning. These approaches consistently improved students’ critical thinking skills, with N-Gain values ranging from moderate to high. Additional improvements in collaboration, communication, and creativity were also reported. The students’ responses to the innovative models were overwhelmingly positive. This review confirms that active, collaborative, project-based, inquiry-oriented, and technology-enhanced learning environments are highly effective in enhancing critical thinking in physics learning. © 2026, Malque Publishing. All rights reserved.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess21st century educationhigher educationinnovative learning modelsmeta analysisReview Article10.31893/multirev.2026215952-s2.0-105020962497Q4