Deniz, AlparslanKarasu, TuncaIdil, NeslihanUzun, Lokman2026-01-242026-01-2420240920-50631568-5624https://doi.org/10.1080/09205063.2023.2285323https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12868/5876Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are widely used in preventing fertilization as contracepting devices. In market, they are produced as T-shaped polyethylene (or propylene) and metal (especially copper) composites. Although the metal component is utilized to provide antibacterial efficacy, prolonged implantation and the presence of a wide range of bacteria flora in the intrauterine environment make IUDs susceptible to bacterial contamination, biofilm formation, and unpleasant infection. In the presented study, the propolis, a natural anti-bacterial/-viral product used for different biomedical applications, coating strategy was applied comparatively in three different ways: coating directly on metal components, coating on polymeric material, and using carrying polymer. In addition, antibacterial activity against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, S. aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, E. coli) bacterial strains were investigated by both dynamic bacterial culture (bacterial inhibition activity) and biofilm (biofilm formation resistance) tests. As a result of 48 h of dynamic bacterial culture; it was determined that the antibacterial inhibition efficiency depending on propolis concentration increased up to 99.5% and 98.5% for E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. In addition, the carrying polymer allows IUDs to cover surfaces more homogeneously, as well as improve antibacterial activity. Similarly; it was determined that biofilm formation resistance was improved by 44.33% for E. coli and by 45.99% for S. aureus with both the propolis concentration and the use of carrying polymer. As a result, it has been revealed that propolis will be classified as an alternative, promising, and effective coating agent for improving antibacterial properties and biofilm formation resistance of IUDs.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessIntrauterine devicespropolisantibacterial propertyantibiofilm resistanceE. coliand S. aureusArticle10.1080/09205063.2023.2285323353295305379823752-s2.0-85177573055Q1WOS:001120765600001Q2